Method and apparatus for power saving in nr v2x

ABSTRACT

A method by which a first device performs wireless communication and an apparatus for supporting same are provided. The method comprises the steps of: determining a selection window; selecting Y candidate slots within the selection window; determining at least one slot related to the Y candidate slots, on the basis of a resource reservation period value set for a resource pool; selecting at least one sidelink (SL) resource from among SL resources included in the Y candidate slots, on the basis of sensing the at least one slot; and performing SL communication on the basis of the at least one SL resource, wherein the value of Y may be a positive integer.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Application No. 18/084,174,filed on Dec. 19, 2022, which is a continuation pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of International Application PCT/KR2021/010499, with aninternational filing date of Aug. 9, 2021, which claims the benefit ofU.S. Provisional Pat. Application No. 63/063,216, filed on Aug. 7, 2020and U.S. Provisional Pat. Application No. 63/105,204, filed on Oct. 23,2020, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference hereinin their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

BACKGROUND

Sidelink (SL) communication is a communication scheme in which a directlink is established between User Equipments (UEs) and the UEs exchangevoice and data directly with each other without intervention of anevolved Node B (eNB). SL communication is under consideration as asolution to the overhead of an eNB caused by rapidly increasing datatraffic. Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) refers to a communicationtechnology through which a vehicle exchanges information with anothervehicle, a pedestrian, an object having an infrastructure (or infra)established therein, and so on. The V2X may be divided into 4 types,such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I),vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P). The V2Xcommunication may be provided via a PC5 interface and/or Uu interface.

Meanwhile, as a wider range of communication devices require largercommunication capacities, the need for mobile broadband communicationthat is more enhanced than the existing Radio Access Technology (RAT) isrising. Accordingly, discussions are made on services and user equipment(UE) that are sensitive to reliability and latency. And, a nextgeneration radio access technology that is based on the enhanced mobilebroadband communication, massive Machine Type Communication (MTC),Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC), and so on, may bereferred to as a new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR).Herein, the NR may also support vehicle-to-everything (V2X)communication.

FIG. 1 is a drawing for describing V2X communication based on NR,compared to V2X communication based on RAT used before NR. Theembodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

Regarding V2X communication, a scheme of providing a safety service,based on a V2X message such as Basic Safety Message (BSM), CooperativeAwareness Message (CAM), and Decentralized Environmental NotificationMessage (DENM) is focused in the discussion on the RAT used before theNR. The V2X message may include position information, dynamicinformation, attribute information, or the like. For example, a UE maytransmit a periodic message type CAM and/or an event triggered messagetype DENM to another UE.

Thereafter, regarding V2X communication, various V2X scenarios areproposed in NR. For example, the various V2X scenarios may includevehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, remote driving,or the like.

SUMMARY

Meanwhile, in NR V2X, partial sensing or no sensing may be supported.Compared to full sensing, partial sensing or no sensing may obtain apower saving gain, but may cause resource collision between UEs.Accordingly, there is a need to propose a method for maximizing a powersaving gain while minimizing resource collision and an apparatussupporting the same.

In one embodiment, provided is a method for performing wirelesscommunication by a first device. The method may comprise: determining aselection window; selecting Y candidate slots within the selectionwindow; determining at least one slot related to the Y candidate slots,based on a resource reservation period value configured for a resourcepool; selecting at least one sidelink (SL) resource from among SLresources included in the Y candidate slots, based on sensing for the atleast one slot; and performing SL communication based on the at leastone SL resource, wherein a value of Y is a positive integer.

In one embodiment, provided is a first device adapted to performwireless communication. The first device may comprise: one or morememories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or moreprocessors connected to the one or more memories and the one or moretransceivers. The one or more processors may execute the instructionsto: determine a selection window; select Y candidate slots within theselection window; determine at least one slot related to the Y candidateslots, based on a resource reservation period value configured for aresource pool; select at least one sidelink (SL) resource from among SLresources included in the Y candidate slots, based on sensing for the atleast one slot; and perform SL communication based on the at least oneSL resource, wherein a value of Y is a positive integer.

The user equipment (UE) can efficiently perform SL communication.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a drawing for describing V2X communication based on NR,compared to V2X communication based on RAT used before NR.

FIG. 2 shows a structure of an NR system, based on an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 3 shows a radio protocol architecture, based on an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 4 shows a structure of a radio frame of an NR, based on anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 shows a structure of a slot of an NR frame, based on anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a BWP, based on an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 7 shows a UE performing V2X or SL communication, based on anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 shows a procedure of performing V2X or SL communication by a UEbased on a transmission mode, based on an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 9 shows three cast types, based on an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 10 shows a resource unit for CBR measurement, based on anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 shows a method in which a UE that has reserved transmissionresource(s) informs another UE of the transmission resource(s), based onan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 12 and 13 show a method for a UE to determine slot(s) for sensingbased on resource reservation period(s) allowed for a resource pool,based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 shows a method for a UE to sense N slots based on the first slotamong selectable candidate slots, based on an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 15 shows a method for a first device to perform wirelesscommunication, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 shows a method for a first device to perform wirelesscommunication, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 shows a communication system 1, based on an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 18 shows wireless devices, based on an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 19 shows a signal process circuit for a transmission signal, basedon an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 shows another example of a wireless device, based on anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 21 shows a hand-held device, based on an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 22 shows a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle, based on an embodimentof the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the present specification, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B” or“both A and B.” In other words, in the present specification, “A or B”may be interpreted as “A and/or B”. For example, in the presentspecification, “A, B, or C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or“any combination of A, B, C”.

A slash (/) or comma used in the present specification may mean“and/or”. For example, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B”may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C”may mean “A, B, or C”.

In the present specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “onlyA”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In addition, in the presentspecification, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least oneof A and/or B” may be interpreted as “at least one of A and B”.

In addition, in the present specification, “at least one of A, B, and C”may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, andC”. In addition, “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B,and/or C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C”.

In addition, a parenthesis used in the present specification may mean“for example”. Specifically, when indicated as “control information(PDCCH)”, it may mean that “PDCCH” is proposed as an example of the“control information”. In other words, the “control information” of thepresent specification is not limited to “PDCCH”, and “PDCCH” may beproposed as an example of the “control information”. In addition, whenindicated as “control information (i.e., PDCCH)”, it may also mean that“PDCCH” is proposed as an example of the “control information”.

A technical feature described individually in one figure in the presentspecification may be individually implemented, or may be simultaneouslyimplemented.

The technology described below may be used in various wirelesscommunication systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA),frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access(TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), singlecarrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and so on. TheCDMA may be implemented with a radio technology, such as universalterrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. The TDMA may beimplemented with a radio technology, such as global system for mobilecommunications (GSM)/general packet ratio service (GPRS)/enhanced datarate for GSM evolution (EDGE). The OFDMA may be implemented with a radiotechnology, such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers(IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, evolved UTRA(E-UTRA), and so on. IEEE 802.16m is an evolved version of IEEE 802.16eand provides backward compatibility with a system based on the IEEE802.16e. The UTRA is part of a universal mobile telecommunication system(UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution(LTE) is part of an evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using the E-UTRA. The 3GPP LTEuses the OFDMA in a downlink and uses the SC-FDMA in an uplink.LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of the LTE.

5G NR is a successive technology of LTE-A corresponding to a newClean-slate type mobile communication system having the characteristicsof high performance, low latency, high availability, and so on. 5G NRmay use resources of all spectrum available for usage including lowfrequency bands of less than 1 GHz, middle frequency bands ranging from1 GHz to 10 GHz, high frequency (millimeter waves) of 24 GHz or more,and so on.

For clarity in the description, the following description will mostlyfocus on LTE-A or 5GNR. However, technical features according to anembodiment of the present disclosure will not be limited only to this.

FIG. 2 shows a structure of an NR system, based on an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined withvarious embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a next generation-radio access network (NG-RAN)may include a BS 20 providing a UE 10 with a user plane and controlplane protocol termination. For example, the BS 20 may include a nextgeneration-Node B (gNB) and/or an evolved-NodeB (eNB). For example, theUE 10 may be fixed or mobile and may be referred to as other terms, suchas a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station(SS), a mobile terminal (MT), wireless device, and so on. For example,the BS may be referred to as a fixed station which communicates with theUE 10 and may be referred to as other terms, such as a base transceiversystem (BTS), an access point (AP), and so on.

The embodiment of FIG. 2 exemplifies a case where only the gNB isincluded. The BSs 20 may be connected to one another via Xn interface.The BS 20 may be connected to one another via 5th generation (5G) corenetwork (5GC) and NG interface. More specifically, the BSs 20 may beconnected to an access and mobility management function (AMF) 30 viaNG-C interface, and may be connected to a user plane function (UPF) 30via NG-U interface.

Layers of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the network canbe classified into a first layer (layer 1, L1), a second layer (layer 2,L2), and a third layer (layer 3, L3) based on the lower three layers ofthe open system interconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in thecommunication system. Among them, a physical (PHY) layer belonging tothe first layer provides an information transfer service by using aphysical channel, and a radio resource control (RRC) layer belonging tothe third layer serves to control a radio resource between the UE andthe network. For this, the RRC layer exchanges an RRC message betweenthe UE and the BS.

FIG. 3 shows a radio protocol architecture, based on an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined withvarious embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, (a) of FIG.3 shows a radio protocol stack of a user plane for Uu communication, and(b) of FIG. 3 shows a radio protocol stack of a control plane for Uucommunication. (c) of FIG. 3 shows a radio protocol stack of a userplane for SL communication, and (d) of FIG. 3 shows a radio protocolstack of a control plane for SL communication.

Referring to FIG. 3 , a physical layer provides an upper layer with aninformation transfer service through a physical channel. The physicallayer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer which is anupper layer of the physical layer through a transport channel. Data istransferred between the MAC layer and the physical layer through thetransport channel. The transport channel is classified according to howand with what characteristics data is transmitted through a radiointerface.

Between different physical layers, i.e., a physical layer of atransmitter and a physical layer of a receiver, data are transferredthrough the physical channel. The physical channel is modulated using anorthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and utilizestime and frequency as a radio resource.

The MAC layer provides services to a radio link control (RLC) layer,which is a higher layer of the MAC layer, via a logical channel. The MAClayer provides a function of mapping multiple logical channels tomultiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides a function oflogical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to asingle transport channel. The MAC layer provides data transfer servicesover logical channels.

The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly ofRadio Link Control Service Data Unit (RLC SDU). In order to ensurediverse quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), theRLC layer provides three types of operation modes, i.e., a transparentmode (TM), an unacknowledged mode (UM), and an acknowledged mode (AM).An AM RLC provides error correction through an automatic repeat request(ARQ).

A radio resource control (RRC) layer is defined only in the controlplane. The RRC layer serves to control the logical channel, thetransport channel, and the physical channel in association withconfiguration, reconfiguration and release of RBs. The RB is a logicalpath provided by the first layer (i.e., the physical layer or the PHYlayer) and the second layer (i.e., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a packetdata convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and a service data adaptationprotocol (SDAP) layer) for data delivery between the UE and the network.

Functions of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer in the userplane include user data delivery, header compression, and ciphering.Functions of a PDCP layer in the control plane include control-planedata delivery and ciphering/integrity protection.

A service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in auser plane. The SDAP layer performs mapping between a Quality of Service(QoS) flow and a data radio bearer (DRB) and QoS flow ID (QFI) markingin both DL and UL packets.

The configuration of the RB implies a process for specifying a radioprotocol layer and channel properties to provide a particular serviceand for determining respective detailed parameters and operations. TheRB can be classified into two types, i.e., a signaling RB (SRB) and adata RB (DRB). The SRB is used as a path for transmitting an RRC messagein the control plane. The DRB is used as a path for transmitting userdata in the user plane.

When an RRC connection is established between an RRC layer of the UE andan RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in an RRC_CONNECTED state, and,otherwise, the UE may be in an RRC_IDLE state. In case of the NR, anRRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a UE being in theRRC_INACTIVE state may maintain its connection with a core networkwhereas its connection with the BS is released.

Data is transmitted from the network to the UE through a downlinktransport channel. Examples of the downlink transport channel include abroadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and adownlink-shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or controlmessages. Traffic of downlink multicast or broadcast services or thecontrol messages can be transmitted on the downlink-SCH or an additionaldownlink multicast channel (MCH). Data is transmitted from the UE to thenetwork through an uplink transport channel. Examples of the uplinktransport channel include a random access channel (RACH) fortransmitting an initial control message and an uplink SCH fortransmitting user traffic or control messages.

Examples of logical channels belonging to a higher channel of thetransport channel and mapped onto the transport channels include abroadcast channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a commoncontrol channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), a multicasttraffic channel (MTCH), etc.

FIG. 4 shows a structure of a radio frame of an NR, based on anembodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may becombined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 4 , in the NR, a radio frame may be used forperforming uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a lengthof 10 ms and may be defined to be configured of two half-frames (HFs). Ahalf-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SFs). A subframe (SF) may bedivided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within asubframe may be determined based on subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slotmay include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

In case of using a normal CP, each slot may include 14 symbols. In caseof using an extended CP, each slot may include 12 symbols. Herein, asymbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and a SingleCarrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbol (or Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM(DFT-s-OFDM) symbol).

Table 1 shown below represents an example of a number of symbols perslot (N^(slot) _(symb)), a number slots per frame (N^(frame,u) _(slot)),and a number of slots per subframe (N^(subframe,u) _(slot)) based on anSCS configuration (u), in a case where a normal CP is used.

TABLE 1 SCS (15*2^(u)) N^(slotsymb) N^(frame,uslot) N^(subframe,uslot)15 KHz (u=0) 14 10 1 30 KHz (u=1) 14 20 2 60 KHz (u=2) 14 40 4 120 KHz(u=3) 14 80 8 240 KHz (u=4) 14 160 16

Table 2 shows an example of a number of symbols per slot, a number ofslots per frame, and a number of slots per subframe based on the SCS, ina case where an extended CP is used.

TABLE 2 SCS (15*2^(u)) N^(slotsymb) N^(frame,uslot) N^(subframe,uslot)60 KHz (u=2) 12 40 4

In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on)between multiple cells being integrate to one UE may be differentlyconfigured. Accordingly, a (absolute time) duration (or section) of atime resource (e.g., subframe, slot or TTI) (collectively referred to asa time unit (TU) for simplicity) being configured of the same number ofsymbols may be differently configured in the integrated cells.

In the NR, multiple numerologies or SCSs for supporting diverse 5Gservices may be supported. For example, in case an SCS is 15 kHz, a widearea of the conventional cellular bands may be supported, and, in casean SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz a dense-urban, lower latency, wider carrierbandwidth may be supported. In case the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, abandwidth that is greater than 24.25 GHz may be used in order toovercome phase noise.

An NR frequency band may be defined as two different types of frequencyranges. The two different types of frequency ranges may be FR1 and FR2.The values of the frequency ranges may be changed (or varied), and, forexample, the two different types of frequency ranges may be as shownbelow in Table 3. Among the frequency ranges that are used in an NRsystem, FR1 may mean a “sub 6 GHz range”, and FR2 may mean an “above 6GHz range” and may also be referred to as a millimeter wave (mmW).

TABLE 3 Frequency Range designation Corresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS) FR1 450 MHz - 6000 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250MHz - 52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

As described above, the values of the frequency ranges in the NR systemmay be changed (or varied). For example, as shown below in Table 4, FR1may include a band within a range of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz. Morespecifically, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900,5925 MHz, and so on) and higher. For example, a frequency band of 6 GHz(or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, and so on) and higher being included in FR1mat include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used fordiverse purposes, e.g., the unlicensed band for vehicle-specificcommunication (e.g., automated driving).

TABLE 4 Frequency Range designation Corresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS) FR1 410 MHz - 7125 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250MHz - 52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

FIG. 5 shows a structure of a slot of an NR frame, based on anembodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may becombined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 5 , a slot includes a plurality of symbols in a timedomain. For example, in case of a normal CP, one slot may include 14symbols. However, in case of an extended CP, one slot may include 12symbols. Alternatively, in case of a normal CP, one slot may include 7symbols. However, in case of an extended CP, one slot may include 6symbols.

A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in a frequency domain. AResource Block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of consecutivesubcarriers (e.g., 12 subcarriers) in the frequency domain. A BandwidthPart (BWP) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (Physical)Resource Blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain, and the BWP maycorrespond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on). Acarrier may include a maximum of N number BWPs (e.g., 5 BWPs). Datacommunication may be performed via an activated BWP. Each element may bereferred to as a Resource Element (RE) within a resource grid and onecomplex symbol may be mapped to each element.

Hereinafter, a bandwidth part (BWP) and a carrier will be described.

The BWP may be a set of consecutive physical resource blocks (PRBs) in agiven numerology. The PRB may be selected from consecutive sub-sets ofcommon resource blocks (CRBs) for the given numerology on a givencarrier

For example, the BWP may be at least any one of an active BWP, aninitial BWP, and/or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitordownlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than an active DL BWP on aprimary cell (PCell). For example, the UE may not receive PDCCH,physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or channel state information -reference signal (CSI-RS) (excluding RRM) outside the active DL BWP. Forexample, the UE may not trigger a channel state information (CSI) reportfor the inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit physicaluplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)outside an active UL BWP. For example, in a downlink case, the initialBWP may be given as a consecutive RB set for a remaining minimum systeminformation (RMSI) control resource set (CORESET) (configured byphysical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, in an uplink case, theinitial BWP may be given by system information block (SIB) for a randomaccess procedure. For example, the default BWP may be configured by ahigher layer. For example, an initial value of the default BWP may be aninitial DL BWP. For energy saving, if the UE fails to detect downlinkcontrol information (DCI) during a specific period, the UE may switchthe active BWP of the UE to the default BWP.

Meanwhile, the BWP may be defined for SL. The same SL BWP may be used intransmission and reception. For example, a transmitting UE may transmitan SL channel or an SL signal on a specific BWP, and a receiving UE mayreceive the SL channel or the SL signal on the specific BWP. In alicensed carrier, the SL BWP may be defined separately from a Uu BWP,and the SL BWP may have configuration signaling separate from the UuBWP. For example, the UE may receive a configuration for the SL BWP fromthe BS/network. For example, the UE may receive a configuration for theUu BWP from the BS/network. The SL BWP may be (pre-)configured in acarrier with respect to an out-of-coverage NR V2X UE and an RRC_IDLE UE.For the UE in the RRC_CONNECTED mode, at least one SL BWP may beactivated in the carrier.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a BWP, based on an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with variousembodiments of the present disclosure. It is assumed in the embodimentof FIG. 6 that the number of BWPs is 3.

Referring to FIG. 6 , a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrierresource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other endthereof. In addition, the PRB may be a resource block numbered withineach BWP. A point A may indicate a common reference point for a resourceblock grid.

The BWP may be configured by a point A, an offset N^(startBWP) from thepoint A, and a bandwidth N^(sizeBWP) . For example, the point A may bean external reference point of a PRB of a carrier in which a subcarrier0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by a network onthat carrier) is aligned. For example, the offset may be a PRB intervalbetween a lowest subcarrier and the point A in a given numerology. Forexample, the bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in the givennumerology.

Hereinafter, V2X or SL communication will be described.

A sidelink synchronization signal (SLSS) may include a primary sidelinksynchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronizationsignal (SSSS), as an SL-specific sequence. The PSSS may be referred toas a sidelink primary synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS maybe referred to as a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS).For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for the S-PSS, andlength-127 gold sequences may be used for the S-SSS. For example, a UEmay use the S-PSS for initial signal detection and for synchronizationacquisition. For example, the UE may use the S-PSS and the S-SSS foracquisition of detailed synchronization and for detection of asynchronization signal ID.

A physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) may be a (broadcast)channel for transmitting default (system) information which must befirst known by the UE before SL signal transmission/reception. Forexample, the default information may be information related to SLSS, aduplex mode (DM), a time division duplex (TDD) uplink/downlink (UL/DL)configuration, information related to a resource pool, a type of anapplication related to the SLSS, a subframe offset, broadcastinformation, or the like. For example, for evaluation of PSBCHperformance, in NR V2X, a payload size of the PSBCH may be 56 bitsincluding 24-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

The S-PSS, the S-SSS, and the PSBCH may be included in a block format(e.g., SL synchronization signal (SS)/PSBCH block, hereinafter,sidelink-synchronization signal block (S-SSB)) supporting periodicaltransmission. The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CPlength) as a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH)/physical sidelinkshared channel (PSSCH) in a carrier, and a transmission bandwidth mayexist within a (pre-)configured sidelink (SL) BWP. For example, theS-SSB may have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (RBs). For example, thePSBCH may exist across 11 RBs. In addition, a frequency position of theS-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Accordingly, the UE does not have toperform hypothesis detection at frequency to discover the S-SSB in thecarrier.

FIG. 7 shows a UE performing V2X or SL communication, based on anembodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may becombined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 7 , in V2X or SL communication, the term ‘UE’ maygenerally imply a UE of a user. However, if a network equipment such asa BS transmits/receives a signal according to a communication schemebetween UEs, the BS may also be regarded as a sort of the UE. Forexample, a UE 1 may be a first apparatus 100, and a UE 2 may be a secondapparatus 200.

For example, the UE 1 may select a resource unit corresponding to aspecific resource in a resource pool which implies a set of series ofresources. In addition, the UE 1 may transmit an SL signal by using theresource unit. For example, a resource pool in which the UE 1 is capableof transmitting a signal may be configured to the UE 2 which is areceiving UE, and the signal of the UE 1 may be detected in the resourcepool.

Herein, if the UE 1 is within a connectivity range of the BS, the BS mayinform the UE 1 of the resource pool. Otherwise, if the UE 1 is out ofthe connectivity range of the BS, another UE may inform the UE 1 of theresource pool, or the UE 1 may use a pre-configured resource pool.

In general, the resource pool may be configured in unit of a pluralityof resources, and each UE may select a unit of one or a plurality ofresources to use it in SL signal transmission thereof.

Hereinafter, resource allocation in SL will be described.

FIG. 8 shows a procedure of performing V2X or SL communication by a UEbased on a transmission mode, based on an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with variousembodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments of thepresent disclosure, the transmission mode may be called a mode or aresource allocation mode. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation,in LTE, the transmission mode may be called an LTE transmission mode. InNR, the transmission mode may be called an NR resource allocation mode.

For example, (a) of FIG. 8 shows a UE operation related to an LTEtransmission mode 1 or an LTE transmission mode 3. Alternatively, forexample, (a) of FIG. 8 shows a UE operation related to an NR resourceallocation mode 1. For example, the LTE transmission mode 1 may beapplied to general SL communication, and the LTE transmission mode 3 maybe applied to V2X communication.

For example, (b) of FIG. 8 shows a UE operation related to an LTEtransmission mode 2 or an LTE transmission mode 4. Alternatively, forexample, (b) of FIG. 8 shows a UE operation related to an NR resourceallocation mode 2.

Referring to (a) of FIG. 8 , in the LTE transmission mode 1, the LTEtransmission mode 3, or the NR resource allocation mode 1, a BS mayschedule an SL resource to be used by the UE for SL transmission. Forexample, the BS may perform resource scheduling to a UE 1 through aPDCCH (e.g., downlink control information (DCI)) or RRC signaling (e.g.,Configured Grant Type 1 or Configured Grant Type 2), and the UE 1 mayperform V2X or SL communication with respect to a UE 2 according to theresource scheduling. For example, the UE 1 may transmit a sidelinkcontrol information (SCI) to the UE 2 through a physical sidelinkcontrol channel (PSCCH), and thereafter transmit data based on the SCIto the UE 2 through a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH).

Referring to (b) of FIG. 8 , in the LTE transmission mode 2, the LTEtransmission mode 4, or the NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE maydetermine an SL transmission resource within an SL resource configuredby a BS/network or a pre-configured SL resource. For example, theconfigured SL resource or the pre-configured SL resource may be aresource pool. For example, the UE may autonomously select or schedule aresource for SL transmission. For example, the UE may perform SLcommunication by autonomously selecting a resource within a configuredresource pool. For example, the UE may autonomously select a resourcewithin a selective window by performing a sensing and resource(re)selection procedure. For example, the sensing may be performed inunit of subchannels. In addition, the UE 1 which has autonomouslyselected the resource within the resource pool may transmit the SCI tothe UE 2 through a PSCCH, and thereafter may transmit data based on theSCI to the UE 2 through a PSSCH.

For example, the UE may assist the SL resource selection for another UE.For example, in the NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may beprovided/allocated with a configured grant for SL transmission. Forexample, in the NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may schedule SLtransmission of another UE. For example, in the NR resource allocationmode 2, the UE may reserve an SL resource for blind retransmission.

For example, in the NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE 1 may use theSCI to indicate a priority of SL transmission to the UE 2. For example,the UE 2 may decode the SCI, and the UE 2 may perform sensing and/orresource (re)selection on the basis of the priority. For example, theresource (re)selection procedure may include a step in which the UE 2identifies a candidate resource in a resource selection window and astep in which the UE 2 selects a resource for (re)transmission among theidentified candidate resources. For example, the resource selectionwindow may be a time interval for selecting a resource for SLtransmission by the UE. For example, after the UE 2 triggers resource(re)selection, the resource selection window may start at T1 ≥ 0, andthe resource selection window may be restricted by a remaining packetdelay budget of the UE 2. For example, in the step in which the UE 2identifies the candidate resource in the resource selection window, if aspecific resource is indicated by the SCI received by the UE 2 from theUE 1 and if an L1 SL RSRP threshold for the specific resource exceeds anSL RSRP threshold, the UE 2 may not determine the specific resource asthe candidate resource. For example, the SL RSRP threshold may bedetermined based on a priority of SL transmission indicated by the SCIreceived by the UE 2 from the UE 1 and a priority of SL transmission ona resource selected by the UE 2.

For example, the L1 SL RSRP may be measured based on an SL demodulationreference signal (DMRS). For example, one or more PSSCH DMRS patternsmay be configured or pre-configured in a time domain for each resourcepool. For example, a PDSCH DMRS configuration type 1 and/or type 2 maybe identical or similar to a frequency domain pattern of the PSSCH DMRS.For example, a correct DMRS pattern may be indicated by the SCI. Forexample, in the NR resource allocation mode 2, the transmitting UE mayselect a specific DMRS pattern from among configured or pre-configuredDMRS patterns for the resource pool.

For example, in the NR resource allocation mode 2, the transmitting UEmay perform initial transmission of a transport block (TB) withoutreservation, based on the sensing and resource (re)selection procedure.For example, the transmitting UE may use an SCI related to afirst/initial RB to reserve an SL resource for initial transmission of asecond TB, based on the sensing and resource (re)selection procedure.

For example, in the NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may reserve aresource for feedback-based PSSCH retransmission, through signalingrelated to previous transmission of the same TB. For example, themaximum number of SL resources reserved by one transmission includingcurrent transmission may be 2, 3, or 4. For example, the maximum numberof SL resources may be identical irrespective of whether HARQ feedbackis enabled. For example, the maximum number of HARQ (re)transmissionsfor one TB may be restricted by a configuration or a pre-configuration.For example, the maximum number of HARQ (re)transmissions may be up to32. For example, in the absence of the configuration or thepre-configuration, the maximum number of HARQ (re)transmissions may notbe designated. For example, the configuration or the pre-configurationmay be for the transmitting UE. For example, in the NR resourceallocation mode 2, HARQ feedback for releasing a resource not used bythe UE may be supported.

For example, in the NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may use theSCI to indicate to another UE one or more sub-channels and/or slots usedby the UE. For example, the UE may use the SCI to indicate to another UEone or more sub-channels and/or slots reserved by the UE for PSSCH(re)transmission. For example, a minimum allocation unit of an SLresource may be a slot. For example, a size of a sub-channel may beconfigured for the UE or may be pre-configured.

FIG. 9 shows three cast types, based on an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with variousembodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, (a) of FIG. 9 showsbroadcast-type SL communication, (b) of FIG. 9 shows unicast type-SLcommunication, and (c) of FIG. 9 shows groupcast-type SL communication.In case of the unicast-type SL communication, a UE may performone-to-one communication with respect to another UE. In case of thegroupcast-type SL transmission, the UE may perform SL communication withrespect to one or more UEs in a group to which the UE belongs. Invarious embodiments of the present disclosure, SL groupcastcommunication may be replaced with SL multicast communication, SLone-to-many communication, or the like.

Hereinafter, sidelink (SL) congestion control will be described.

If a UE autonomously determines an SL transmission resource, the UE alsoautonomously determines a size and frequency of use for a resource usedby the UE. Of course, due to a constraint from a network or the like, itmay be restricted to use a resource size or frequency of use, which isgreater than or equal to a specific level. However, if all UEs use arelatively great amount of resources in a situation where many UEs areconcentrated in a specific region at a specific time, overallperformance may significantly deteriorate due to mutual interference.

Accordingly, the UE may need to observe a channel situation. If it isdetermined that an excessively great amount of resources are consumed,it is preferable that the UE autonomously decreases the use ofresources. In the present disclosure, this may be defined as congestioncontrol (CR). For example, the UE may determine whether energy measuredin a unit time/frequency resource is greater than or equal to a specificlevel, and may adjust an amount and frequency of use for itstransmission resource based on a ratio of the unit time/frequencyresource in which the energy greater than or equal to the specific levelis observed. In the present disclosure, the ratio of the time/frequencyresource in which the energy greater than or equal to the specific levelis observed may be defined as a channel busy ratio (CBR). The UE maymeasure the CBR for a channel/frequency. Additionally, the UE maytransmit the measured CBR to the network/BS.

FIG. 10 shows a resource unit for CBR measurement, based on anembodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may becombined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 10 , CBR may denote the number of sub-channels inwhich a measurement result value of a received signal strength indicator(RSSI) has a value greater than or equal to a pre-configured thresholdas a result of measuring the RSSI by a UE on a sub-channel basis for aspecific period (e.g., 100 ms). Alternatively, the CBR may denote aratio of sub-channels having a value greater than or equal to apre-configured threshold among sub-channels for a specific duration. Forexample, in the embodiment of FIG. 10 , if it is assumed that a hatchedsub-channel is a sub-channel having a value greater than or equal to apre-configured threshold, the CBR may denote a ratio of the hatchedsub-channels for a period of 100 ms. Additionally, the CBR may bereported to the BS.

Further, congestion control considering a priority of traffic (e.g.packet) may be necessary. To this end, for example, the UE may measure achannel occupancy ratio (CR). Specifically, the UE may measure the CBR,and the UE may determine a maximum value CRlimitk of a channel occupancyratio k (CRk) that can be occupied by traffic corresponding to eachpriority (e.g., k) based on the CBR. For example, the UE may derive themaximum value CRlimitk of the channel occupancy ratio with respect to apriority of each traffic, based on a predetermined table of CBRmeasurement values. For example, in case of traffic having a relativelyhigh priority, the UE may derive a maximum value of a relatively greatchannel occupancy ratio. Thereafter, the UE may perform congestioncontrol by restricting a total sum of channel occupancy ratios oftraffic, of which a priority k is lower than i, to a value less than orequal to a specific value. Based on this method, the channel occupancyratio may be more strictly restricted for traffic having a relativelylow priority.

In addition thereto, the UE may perform SL congestion control by using amethod of adjusting a level of transmit power, dropping a packet,determining whether retransmission is to be performed, adjusting atransmission RB size (MCS coordination), or the like.

Hereinafter, a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) procedure will bedescribed.

In case of SL unicast and groupcast, HARQ feedback and HARQ combining inthe physical layer may be supported. For example, when a receiving UEoperates in a resource allocation mode 1 or 2, the receiving UE mayreceive the PSSCH from a transmitting UE, and the receiving UE maytransmit HARQ feedback for the PSSCH to the transmitting UE by using asidelink feedback control information (SFCI) format through a physicalsidelink feedback channel (PSFCH).

For example, the SL HARQ feedback may be enabled for unicast. In thiscase, in a non-code block group (non-CBG) operation, if the receiving UEdecodes a PSCCH of which a target is the receiving UE and if thereceiving UE successfully decodes a transport block related to thePSCCH, the receiving UE may generate HARQ-ACK. In addition, thereceiving UE may transmit the HARQ-ACK to the transmitting UE.Otherwise, if the receiving UE cannot successfully decode the transportblock after decoding the PSCCH of which the target is the receiving UE,the receiving UE may generate the HARQ-NACK. In addition, the receivingUE may transmit HARQ-NACK to the transmitting UE.

For example, the SL HARQ feedback may be enabled for groupcast. Forexample, in the non-CBG operation, two HARQ feedback options may besupported for groupcast.

(1) Groupcast option 1: After the receiving UE decodes the PSCCH ofwhich the target is the receiving UE, if the receiving UE fails indecoding of a transport block related to the PSCCH, the receiving UE maytransmit HARQ-NACK to the transmitting UE through a PSFCH. Otherwise, ifthe receiving UE decodes the PSCCH of which the target is the receivingUE and if the receiving UE successfully decodes the transport blockrelated to the PSCCH, the receiving UE may not transmit the HARQ-ACK tothe transmitting UE.

(2) Groupcast option 2: After the receiving UE decodes the PSCCH ofwhich the target is the receiving UE, if the receiving UE fails indecoding of the transport block related to the PSCCH, the receiving UEmay transmit HARQ-NACK to the transmitting UE through the PSFCH. Inaddition, if the receiving UE decodes the PSCCH of which the target isthe receiving UE and if the receiving UE successfully decodes thetransport block related to the PSCCH, the receiving UE may transmit theHARQ-ACK to the transmitting UE through the PSFCH.

For example, if the groupcast option 1 is used in the SL HARQ feedback,all UEs performing groupcast communication may share a PSFCH resource.For example, UEs belonging to the same group may transmit HARQ feedbackby using the same PSFCH resource.

For example, if the groupcast option 2 is used in the SL HARQ feedback,each UE performing groupcast communication may use a different PSFCHresource for HARQ feedback transmission. For example, UEs belonging tothe same group may transmit HARQ feedback by using different PSFCHresources.

For example, when the SL HARQ feedback is enabled for groupcast, thereceiving UE may determine whether to transmit the HARQ feedback to thetransmitting UE based on a transmission-reception (TX-RX) distanceand/or RSRP.

For example, in the groupcast option 1, in case of the TX-RXdistance-based HARQ feedback, if the TX-RX distance is less than orequal to a communication range requirement, the receiving UE maytransmit HARQ feedback for the PSSCH to the transmitting UE. Otherwise,if the TX-RX distance is greater than the communication rangerequirement, the receiving UE may not transmit the HARQ feedback for thePSSCH to the transmitting UE. For example, the transmitting UE mayinform the receiving UE of a location of the transmitting UE through SCIrelated to the PSSCH. For example, the SCI related to the PSSCH may besecond SCI. For example, the receiving UE may estimate or obtain theTX-RX distance based on a location of the receiving UE and the locationof the transmitting UE. For example, the receiving UE may decode the SCIrelated to the PSSCH and thus may know the communication rangerequirement used in the PSSCH.

For example, in case of the resource allocation mode 1, a time (offset)between the PSFCH and the PSSCH may be configured or pre-configured. Incase of unicast and groupcast, if retransmission is necessary on SL,this may be indicated to a BS by an in-coverage UE which uses the PUCCH.The transmitting UE may transmit an indication to a serving BS of thetransmitting UE in a form of scheduling request (SR)/buffer statusreport (BSR), not a form of HARQ ACK/NACK. In addition, even if the BSdoes not receive the indication, the BS may schedule an SLretransmission resource to the UE. For example, in case of the resourceallocation mode 2, a time (offset) between the PSFCH and the PSSCH maybe configured or pre-configured.

For example, from a perspective of UE transmission in a carrier, TDMbetween the PSCCH/PSSCH and the PSFCH may be allowed for a PSFCH formatfor SL in a slot. For example, a sequence-based PSFCH format having asingle symbol may be supported. Herein, the single symbol may not an AGCduration. For example, the sequence-based PSFCH format may be applied tounicast and groupcast.

For example, in a slot related to a resource pool, a PSFCH resource maybe configured periodically as N slot durations, or may bepre-configured. For example, N may be configured as one or more valuesgreater than or equal to 1. For example, N may be 1, 2, or 4. Forexample, HARQ feedback for transmission in a specific resource pool maybe transmitted only through a PSFCH on the specific resource pool.

For example, if the transmitting UE transmits the PSSCH to the receivingUE across a slot #X to a slot #N, the receiving UE may transmit HARQfeedback for the PSSCH to the transmitting UE in a slot #(N+A). Forexample, the slot #(N+A) may include a PSFCH resource. Herein, forexample, A may be a smallest integer greater than or equal to K. Forexample, K may be the number of logical slots. In this case, K may bethe number of slots in a resource pool. Alternatively, for example, Kmay be the number of physical slots. In this case, K may be the numberof slots inside or outside the resource pool.

For example, if the receiving UE transmits HARQ feedback on a PSFCHresource in response to one PSSCH transmitted by the transmitting UE tothe receiving UE, the receiving UE may determine a frequency domainand/or code domain of the PSFCH resource based on an implicit mechanismin a configured resource pool. For example, the receiving UE maydetermine the frequency domain and/or code domain of the PSFCH resource,based on at least one of a slot index related to PSCCH/PSSCH/PSFCH, asub-channel related to PSCCH/PSSCH, and/or an identifier for identifyingeach receiving UE in a group for HARQ feedback based on the groupcastoption 2. Additionally/alternatively, for example, the receiving UE maydetermine the frequency domain and/or code domain of the PSFCH resource,based on at least one of SL RSRP, SINR, L1 source ID, and/or locationinformation.

For example, if HARQ feedback transmission through the PSFCH of the UEand HARQ feedback reception through the PSFCH overlap, the UE may selectany one of HARQ feedback transmission through the PSFCH and HARQfeedback reception through the PSFCH based on a priority rule. Forexample, the priority rule may be based on at least priority indicationof the related PSCCH/PSSCH.

For example, if HARQ feedback transmission of a UE through a PSFCH for aplurality of UEs overlaps, the UE may select specific HARQ feedbacktransmission based on the priority rule. For example, the priority rulemay be based on at least priority indication of the related PSCCH/PSSCH.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, a transmitting UE (i.e., TX UE)may be a UE which transmits data to (target) receiving UE(s) (i.e., RXUE(s)). For example, the TX UE may be a UE which performs PSCCHtransmission and/or PSSCH transmission. For example, the TX UE may be aUE which transmits SL CSI-RS(s) and/or a SL CSI report requestindication to (target) RX UE(s). For example, the TX UE may be a UEwhich transmits a (pre-defined) reference signal(s) (e.g., PSSCHdemodulation reference signal (DM-RS)) and/or SL (L1) RSRP reportrequest indicator, which is/are used for SL (L1) RSRP measurement, to(target) to RX UE(s). For example, the TX UE may be a UE which transmitsa (control) channel (e.g., PSCCH, PSSCH, etc.) and/or referencesignal(s) (e.g., DM-RS(s), CSI-RS(s), etc.) through the (control)channel, which is/are used for SL radio link monitoring (RLM)operation(s) and/or SL radio link failure (RLF) operation(s) of (target)RX UE(s).

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, a receiving UE (i.e., RX UE) maybe a UE which transmits SL HARQ feedback to transmitting UE(s) (i.e., TXUE(s)), based on whether or not data transmitted by TX UE(s) is decodedsuccessfully and/or whether or not a PSCCH (related to PSSCH scheduling)transmitted by TX UE(s) is detected/decoded successfully. For example,the RX UE may be a UE which performs SL CSI transmission to TX UE(s)based on SL CSI-RS(s) and/or a SL CSI report request indication receivedfrom TX UE(s). For example, the RX UE may be a UE which transmits, to TXUE(s), an SL (L1) RSRP measurement value measured based on (pre-defined)reference signal(s) and/or SL (L1) RSRP report request indicationreceived from TX UE(s). For example, the RX UE may be a UE whichtransmits its own data to TX UE(s). For example, the RX UE may be a UEwhich performs SL RLM operation(s) and/or SL RLF operation(s) based on a(pre-configured) (control) channel and/or reference signal(s) throughthe (control) channel received from TX UE(s).

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, a TX UE may transmit the entiretyor part of information described below to RX UE(s) through SCI(s).Herein, for example, the TX UE may transmit the entirety or part of theinformation described below to the RX UE(s) through a first SCI and/or asecond SCI.

-   PSSCH (and/or PSCCH) related resource allocation information (e.g.,    the number/positions of time/frequency resources, resource    reservation information (e.g., period))-   SL CSI report request indicator or SL (L1) RSRP (and/or SL (L1) RSRQ    and/or SL (L1) RSSI) report request indicator-   SL CSI transmission indicator (or SL (L1) RSRP (and/or SL (L1) RSRQ    and/or SL (L1) RSSI) information transmission indicator)) (on a    PSSCH)-   Modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information-   Transmit power information-   L1 destination ID information and/or L1 source ID information-   SL HARQ process ID information-   New data indicator (NDI) information-   Redundancy version (RV) information-   (Transmission traffic/packet related) QoS information (e.g.,    priority information)-   SL CSI-RS transmission indicator or information on the number of    (to-be-transmitted) SL CSI-RS antenna ports-   Location information of the TX UE or location (or distance region)    information of target RX UE(s) (for which SL HARQ feedback is    requested)-   Reference signal (e.g., DM-RS, etc.) information related to channel    estimation and/or decoding of data to be transmitted through a    PSSCH. For example, the reference signal information may be    information related to a pattern of a (time-frequency) mapping    resource of DM-RS, rank information, antenna port index information,    information on the number of antenna ports, etc.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, for example, a PSCCH may bereplaced/substituted with at least one of a SCI, a first SCI(1^(st)-stage SCI), and/or a second SCI (2^(nd)-stage SCI), or viceversa. For example, a SCI may be replaced/substituted with at least oneof a PSCCH, a first SCI, and/or a second SCI, or vice versa. Forexample, a PSSCH may be replaced/substituted with a second SCI and/or aPSCCH, or vice versa.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, for example, if SCI configurationfields are divided into two groups in consideration of a (relatively)high SCI payload size, an SCI including a first SCI configuration fieldgroup may be referred to as a first SCI or a 1^(st) SCI, and an SCIincluding a second SCI configuration field group may be referred to as asecond SCI or a 2^(nd) SCI. For example, the 1^(st) SCI and the 2^(nd)SCI may be transmitted through different channels. For example, thetransmitting UE may transmit the first SCI to the receiving UE throughthe PSCCH. For example, the second SCI may be transmitted to thereceiving UE through an (independent) PSCCH, or may be transmitted in apiggyback manner together with data through the PSSCH.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, for example, “configuration” or“definition” may mean (pre-)configuration from base station(s) ornetwork(s). For example, “configuration” or “definition” may meanresource pool specific (pre-)configuration from base station(s) ornetwork(s). For example, base station(s) or network(s) may transmitinformation related to “configuration” or “definition” to UE(s). Forexample, base station(s) or network(s) may transmit information relatedto “configuration” or “definition” to UE(s) through pre-definedsignaling. For example, the pre-defined signaling may include at leastone of RRC signaling, MAC signaling, PHY signaling, and/or SIB.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, for example, “configuration” or“definition” may mean that it is designated or configured throughpre-configured signaling between UEs. For example, information relatedto “configuration” or “definition” may be transmitted or receivedpre-configured signaling between UEs. For example, the pre-definedsignaling may include at least one of RRC signaling, MAC signaling, PHYsignaling, and/or SIB.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, for example, RLF may bereplaced/substituted with out-of-synch (OOS) and/or in-synch (IS), orvice versa.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, for example, a resource block (RB)may be replaced/substituted with a subcarrier, or vice versa. Forexample, a packet or a traffic may be replaced/substituted with atransport block (TB) or a medium access control protocol data unit (MACPDU) according to a transmission layer, or vice versa. For example, acode block group (CBG) may be replaced/substituted with a TB, or viceversa. For example, a source ID may be replaced/substituted with adestination ID, or vice versa. For example, an L1 ID may bereplaced/substituted with an L2 ID, or vice versa. For example, the L1ID may be an L1 source ID or an L1 destination ID. For example, the L2ID may be an L2 source ID or an L2 destination ID.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, for example, operation(s) of a TXUE to reserve/select/determine retransmission resource(s) may includeoperation(s) of the TX UE to reserve/select/determine potentialretransmission resource(s) in which actual use is determined based on SLHARQ feedback information received from RX UE(s).

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, a sub-selection window may bereplaced/substituted with a selection window and/or a pre-configurednumber of resource sets within the selection window, or vice versa.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, SL MODE 1 may refer to a resourceallocation method or a communication method in which a base stationdirectly schedules SL transmission resource(s) for a TX UE throughpre-defined signaling (e.g., DCI or RRC message). For example, SL MODE 2may refer to a resource allocation method or a communication method inwhich a UE independently selects SL transmission resource(s) in aresource pool pre-configured or configured from a base station or anetwork. For example, a UE performing SL communication based on SL MODE1 may be referred to as a MODE 1 UE or MODE 1 TX UE, and a UE performingSL communication based on SL MODE 2 may be referred to as a MODE 2 UE orMODE 2 TX UE.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, for example, a dynamic grant (DG)may be replaced/substituted with a configured grant (CG) and/or asemi-persistent scheduling (SPS) grant, or vice versa. For example, theDG may be replaced/substituted with a combination of the CG and the SPSgrant, or vice versa. For example, the CG may include at least one of aconfigured grant (CG) type 1 and/or a configured grant (CG) type 2. Forexample, in the CG type 1, a grant may be provided by RRC signaling andmay be stored as a configured grant. For example, in the CG type 2, agrant may be provided by a PDCCH, and may be stored or deleted as aconfigured grant based on L1 signaling indicating activation ordeactivation of the grant. For example, in the CG type 1, a base stationmay allocate periodic resource(s) to a TX UE through an RRC message. Forexample, in the CG type 2, a base station may allocate periodicresource(s) to a TX UE through an RRC message, and the base station maydynamically activate or deactivate the periodic resource(s) through aDCI.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, a channel may bereplaced/substituted with a signal, or vice versa. For example,transmission/reception of a channel may include transmission/receptionof a signal. For example, transmission/reception of a signal may includetransmission/reception of a channel. For example, cast may bereplaced/substituted with at least one of unicast, groupcast, and/orbroadcast, or vice versa. For example, a cast type may bereplaced/substituted with at least one of unicast, groupcast, and/orbroadcast, or vice versa. For example, the cast or the cast type mayinclude unicast, groupcast and/or broadcast.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, a resource may bereplaced/substituted with a slot or a symbol, or vice versa. Forexample, the resource may include a slot and/or a symbol.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, a priority may bereplaced/substituted with at least one of logical channel prioritization(LCP), latency, reliability, minimum required communication range, proseper-packet priority (PPPP), sidelink radio bearer (SLRB), a QoS profile,a QoS parameter, and/or requirement, or vice versa.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, for example, for convenience ofdescription, a (physical) channel used when a RX UE transmits at leastone of the following information to a TX UE may be referred to as aPSFCH.

- SL HARQ feedback, SL CSI, SL (L1) RSRP

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, a Uu channel may include a ULchannel and/or a DL channel. For example, the UL channel may include aPUSCH, a PUCCH, a sounding reference Signal (SRS), etc. For example, theDL channel may include a PDCCH, a PDSCH, a PSS/SSS, etc. For example, aSL channel may include a PSCCH, a PSSCH, a PSFCH, a PSBCH, a PSSS/SSSS,etc.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, sidelink information may includeat least one of a sidelink message, a sidelink packet, a sidelinkservice, sidelink data, sidelink control information, and/or a sidelinktransport block (TB). For example, sidelink information may betransmitted through a PSSCH and/or a PSCCH.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, a high priority may mean a smallpriority value, and a low priority may mean a large priority value. Forexample, Table 5 shows an example of priorities.

TABLE 5 service or logical channel priority value service A or logicalchannel A 1 service B or logical channel B 2 service C or logicalchannel C 3

Referring to Table 5, for example, service A or logical channel Arelated to the smallest priority value may have the highest priority.For example, service C or logical channel C related to the largestpriority value may have the lowest priority.

Meanwhile, in NR V2X communication or NR sidelink communication, atransmitting UE may reserve/select one or more transmission resourcesfor sidelink transmission (e.g., initial transmission and/orretransmission), and the transmitting UE may transmit information on thelocation of the one or more transmission resources to receiving UE(s).

Meanwhile, when performing sidelink communication, a method for atransmitting UE to reserve or pre-determine transmission resource(s) forreceiving UE(s) may be representatively as follows.

For example, the transmitting UE may perform a reservation oftransmission resource(s) based on a chain. Specifically, for example, ifthe transmitting UE reserves K transmission resources, the transmittingUE may transmit location information for less than K transmissionresources to receiving UE(s) through a SCI transmitted to the receivingUE(s) at any (or specific) transmission time or a time resource. Thatis, for example, the SCI may include location information for less thanthe K transmission resources. Alternatively, for example, if thetransmitting UE reserves K transmission resources related to a specificTB, the transmitting UE may transmit location information for less thanK transmission resources to receiving UE(s) through a SCI transmitted tothe receiving UE(s) at any (or specific) transmission time or a timeresource. That is, the SCI may include location information for lessthan the K transmission resources. In this case, for example, it ispossible to prevent performance degradation due to an excessive increasein payloads of the SCI, by signaling only the location information forless than K transmission resources to the receiving UE(s) through oneSCI transmitted at any (or specific) transmission time or the timeresource by the transmitting UE.

FIG. 11 shows a method in which a UE that has reserved transmissionresource(s) informs another UE of the transmission resource(s), based onan embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 maybe combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Specifically, for example, (a) of FIG. 11 shows a method for performingby a transmitting UE chain-based resource reservation bytransmitting/signaling location information of (maximum) 2 transmissionresources to receiving UE(s) through one SCI, in the case of a value ofK = 4. For example, (b) of FIG. 11 shows a method for performing by atransmitting UE chain-based resource reservation bytransmitting/signaling location information of (maximum) 3 transmissionresources to receiving UE(s) through one SCI, in the case of a value ofK = 4. For example, referring to (a) and (b) of FIG. 11 , thetransmitting UE may transmit/signal only location information of thefourth transmission-related resource to the receiving UE(s) through thefourth (or last) transmission-related PSCCH. For example, referring to(a) of FIG. 11 , the transmitting UE may transmit/signal to thereceiving UE(s) not only location information of the fourthtransmission-related resource but also location information of the thirdtransmission-related resource additionally through the fourth (or last)transmission-related PSCCH. For example, referring to (b) of FIG. 11 ,the transmitting UE may transmit/signal to the receiving UE(s) not onlylocation information of the fourth transmission-related resource butalso location information of the second transmission-related resourceand location information of the third transmission-related resourceadditionally through the fourth (or last) transmission-related PSCCH. Inthis case, for example, in (a) and (b) of FIG. 11 , if the transmittingUE may transmit/signal to the receiving UE(s) only location informationof the fourth transmission-related resource through the fourth (or last)transmission-related PSCCH, the transmitting UE may set or designate afield/bit of location information of unused or remaining transmissionresource(s) to a pre-configured value (e.g., 0). For example, in (a) and(b) of FIG. 11 , if the transmitting UE may transmit/signal to thereceiving UE(s) only location information of the fourthtransmission-related resource through the fourth (or last)transmission-related PSCCH, the transmitting UE may be set or designatea field/bit of location information of unused or remaining transmissionresource(s) to a pre-configured status/bit value indicating/representingthe last transmission (among 4 transmissions).

Meanwhile, for example, the transmitting UE may perform a reservation oftransmission resource(s) based on a block. Specifically, for example, ifthe transmitting UE reserves K transmission resources, the transmittingUE may transmit location information for K transmission resources toreceiving UE(s) through a SCI transmitted to the receiving UE(s) at any(or specific) transmission time or a time resource. That is, the SCI mayinclude location information for K transmission resources. For example,if the transmitting UE reserves K transmission resources related to aspecific TB, the transmitting UE may transmit location information for Ktransmission resources to receiving UE(s) through a SCI transmitted tothe receiving UE(s) at any (or specific) transmission time or a timeresource. That is, the SCI may include location information for Ktransmission resources. For example, (c) of FIG. 11 shows a method forperforming by the transmitting UE block-based resource reservation, bysignaling location information of 4 transmission resources to receivingUE(s) through one SCI, in the case of a value of K = 4.

In the present disclosure, for example, if a UE which has reserved afirst resource removes the first resource and selects a second resourcebased on pre-emption or re-evaluation, the second resource may bereferred to as a reselected resource.

In the present disclosure, for example, a P-UE may include a pedestrianUE, a device requiring power saving, a device which performs resourceselection based on partial sensing, a device which performs resourceselection based on random selection (i.e., no sensing), etc.

In the present disclosure, for example, a V-UE may include a vehicle, adevice not requiring power saving, a device which performs resourceselection based on full sensing, etc.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case ofperforming periodic resource reservation, on a resource domain PERIOD#X, a resource domain of the future period in which a pre-emption checkoperation is performed may be limited to a resource domain PERIOD #X+K.For example, a value of K may be fixed to 1. For example, a value of Kmay be a value pre-configured for a UE. Herein, for example, the rulemay be limitedly applied only when a value of the period is greater thana value of a minimum processing time required for the pre-emption checkoperation. For example, the rule may be limitedly applied only when avalue of the period is greater than or equal to a value of a minimumprocessing time required for the pre-emption check operation.

For example, in the case of performing periodic resource reservation, ona resource domain PERIOD #X, a resource domain of the future period inwhich the pre-emption check operation is performed may be limited to aresource domain of the future period after the minimum processing timerequired for the pre-emption check operation from the resource domainPERIOD #X. For example, in the case of performing periodic resourcereservation, on a resource domain PERIOD #X, a resource domain of thefuture period in which the pre-emption check operation is performed maybe limited to a resource domain of the future period (to which reservedresource(s) belongs) that appears first after the minimum processingtime required for the pre-emption check operation from the resourcedomain PERIOD #X. For example, in the case of performing periodicresource reservation, on a resource domain PERIOD #X, a resource domainof the future period in which the pre-emption check operation isperformed may be limited to a resource domain of the per-configurednumber of future periods (to which reserved resource(s) belongs) thatappears first after the minimum processing time required for thepre-emption check operation from the resource domain PERIOD #X. Forexample, the pre-configured number may be 1.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case ofperforming periodic resource reservation, a UE may perform resourcereselection based on pre-emption. For example, in this case, if thereselected resource cannot be reserved/signaled by a prior SCI, the UEmay not signal/transmit a resource reservation period on a SCI relatedto the reselected resource. For example, the above-described operationmay be interpreted as a type of one-shot transmission. On the otherhand, for example, if the reselected resource can be reserved/signaledby a prior SCI, the UE may signal/transmit a resource reservation periodon a SCI related to the reselected resource, and the UE may use thereselected resource periodically.

For example, if some of periodic reserved resources need to bereselected based on pre-emption, the UE may be configured to performresource reselection for all related SL grants. For example, if some ofperiodic reserved resources need to be reselected based on pre-emption,the UE may clear all related SL grants and perform resource reselection.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the case ofperforming periodic resource reservation, in order to secure manyretransmission resources within one period, a UE may merge a pluralityof periodic resource reservations and use it for one SL HARQ process.Herein, for example, all of a plurality of merged periodic resourcereservations may be configured to have (or share) the same (or common)counter value related to resource reselection triggering and/or thenumber of resource reservation periods. Alternatively, for example, eachof periodic resource reservations may have a counter value related toresource reselection triggering and/or the number of resourcereservation periods, independently. In this case, for example, ifresource reselection is triggered for (at least) one periodic resourcereservation, resource reselection may be performed for all of the mergedperiodic resource reservations. Alternatively, for example, if resourcereselection is triggered for (at least) one periodic resourcereservation, resource reselection may be performed only for thecorresponding periodic resource reservation.

Meanwhile, in the next-generation system, in order to save powerconsumption of a UE, the UE may omit a sensing operation or perform asimplified sensing operation. For example, the UE may select reservedresource(s) or candidate resource(s) for SL transmission without thesensing operation. For example, the UE may attempt SCI detection forsome slots within a sensing window, and the UE may determine whether ornot to include or exclude the indicated reserved resource in or fromavailable resources based on sensing information (e.g., reservedresource) indicated by the detected SCI and a legacy RSRP. For example,the UE may implementally select slot(s) in which the SCI detection isattempted. For example, the slot(s) in which the SCI detection isattempted may be derived from reserved resource(s) or candidateresource(s) in which the UE will perform SL transmission. For example,the UE may derive/determine the location of slot(s) for detecting SCI(s)in a sensing window by assuming a value of a specific period forreserved resource(s) or candidate resource(s) on which SL transmissionis to be performed.

For example, the UE may perform partial sensing, and the UE mayselect/reserve resource(s) based on the partial sensing. For example,compared to full sensing, partial sensing may be beneficial in terms ofpower saving. For example, in NR V2X, the full sensing procedure may bedefined as shown in Table 6 and Table 7. For example, in NR V2X, thefull sensing procedure for pre-emption or re-evaluation may be definedas shown in Table 6 to Table 8.

TABLE 6 In resource allocation mode 2, the higher layer can request theUE to determine a subset of resources from which the higher layer willselect resources for PSSCH/PSCCH transmission. To trigger thisprocedure, in slot n, the higher layer provides the following parametersfor this PSSCH/PSCCH transmission:   - the resource pool from which theresources arc to be reported;   - L1 priority, prio_(TX);   - theremaining packet delay budget;   - the number of sub-channels to be usedfor the PSSCH/PSCCH transmission in a slot, L_(subCII);   - optionally,the resource reservation interval, P_(rsvp_TX), in units of msec.   - ifthe higher layer requests the UE to determine a subset of resources fromwhich the higher layer will select resources for PSSCH/PSCCHtransmission as part of re-evaluation or pre-emption procedure, thehigher layer provides a set of resources (r₀, r₁, r₂, ...) which may besubject to re-evaluation and a set of resources(r^(′)₀, r^(′)₁, r^(′)₂, …) which may be subject to pre-emption.    - itis up to UE implementation to determine the subset of resources asrequested by higher layers before or after the slot r^(″)_(i) - T₃,where r^(″)_(i) is the slot with the smallest slot index among (r₀, r₁,r₂, ... ) and (r^(′)₀, r^(′)₁, r^(′)₂, …) , and T₃ is equal toT_(proc, 1)^(SL), where T_(proc, 1)^(SL) is defined in slots in Table8.1.4-2 where µ_(SL) is the SCS configuration of the SL BWP. Thefollowing higher layer parameters affect this procedure:   -sl-SelectionWindowList: internal parameter T_(2min) is set to thecorresponding value from higher layer parameter sl-SelectionWindowListfor the given value of prio_(TX).   - sl-Thres-RSRP-List: this higherlayer parameter provides an RSRP threshold for each combination (p_(i),p_(j)), where p_(i) is the value of the priority field in a received SCIformat 1-A and p_(i) is the priority of the transmission of the UEselecting resources; for a given invocation of this procedure, p_(j) =prio_(TX).   - sl-RS-ForSensing selects if the UE uses the PSSCH-RSRP orPSCCH-RSRP measurement, as defined in clause 8.4.2.1.   -sl-ResourceReservePeriodList   - sl-SensingWindow: internal parameter T₀is defined as the number of slots corresponding to sl-SensingWindow msec  - sl-TxPercentageList: internal parameter X for a given prio_(TX) isdefined as sl-TxPercentageList (prio_(TX)) converted from percentage toratio   - sl-PreemptionEnable: if sl-PreemptionEnable is provided, andif it is not equal to ‘enabled’, internal parameter prio_(pre) is set tothe higher layer provided parameter sl-PreemptionEnable The resourcereservation interval, P_(rsvp_TX), if provided, is converted from unitsof msec to units of logical slots, resulting in P_(rsvp_Tx) according toclause 8.1.7. Notation: (t^(′)₀^(SL), t^(′)₁^(SL), t^(′)₂^(SL), …)denotes the set of slots which belongs to the sidelink resource pool andis defined in Clause 8.

TABLE 7 The following steps are used:   1) A candidate single-slotresource for transmission R_(x,y) is defined as a set of L_(subCH)contiguous sub-channels with sub-channel x-j in slot t^(′)_(y)^(SL)where j = 0,...,L_(subCH) - 1. The UE shall assume that any set ofL_(subCH) contiguous sub-channels included in the corresponding resourcepool within the time interval [n + T₁, n + T₂] correspond to onecandidate single-slot resource, where    - selection of T₁ is up to UEimplementation under 0 ≤ T₁ ≤ T_(proc, 1)^(SL) , where T_(proc, 1)^(SL)is defined in slots in Table 8.1.4-2 where µ_(SL) is the SCSconfiguration of the SL BWP;    - if T_(2min) is shorter than theremaining packet delay budget (in slots) then T₂ is up to UEimplementation subject to T_(2min) ≤ T₂ ≤ remaining packet delay budget(in slots); otherwise T₂ is set to the remaining packet delay budget (inslots).     The total number of candidate single-slot resources isdenoted by M_(total).   2) The sensing window is defined by the range ofslots [n − T₀, n − T_(proc, 0)^(SL)) where T₀ is defined above andT_(proc, 0)^(SL) is defined in slots in Table 8.1.4-1 where µ_(SL) isthe SCS configuration of the SL BWP. The UE shall monitor slots whichbelongs to a sidelink resource pool within the sensing window except forthose in which its own transmissions occur. The UE shall perform thebehaviour in the following steps based on PSCCH decoded and RSRPmeasured in these slots.   3) The internal parameter Th(p_(i),p_(j)) isset to the corresponding value of RSRP threshold indicated by the i-thfield in sl-Thres-RSRP-List, where i = p_(i) + (p_(j) - 1) ∗ 8.   4) Theset S_(A) is initialized to the set of all the candidate single-slotresources.   5) The UE shall exclude any candidate single-slot resourceR_(x,y) from the set S_(A) if it meets all the following conditions:   - the UE has not monitored slot t^(′)_(m)^(SL) in Step 2.    - forany periodicity value allowed by the higher layer parametersl-ResourceReservePeriodList and a hypothetical SCI format 1-A receivedin slot t^(′)_(m)^(SL) with ‘Resource reservation period’ field set tothat periodicity value and indicating all subchannels of the resourcepool in this slot, condition c in step 6 would be met.   5a) If thenumber of candidate single-slot resources R_(x,y) remaining in the setS_(A) is smaller than X · M_(total), the set S_(A) is initialized to theset of all the candidate single-slot resources as in step 4.   6) The UEshall exclude any candidate single-slot resource R_(x,y) from the setS_(A) if it meets all the following conditions:    a) the UE receives anSCI format 1-A in slot t^(′)_(m)^(SL), and ‘Resource reservation period’field, if present, and ‘Priority’ field in the received SCI format 1-Aindicate the values P_(rsvp_RX)    and prio_(RX), respectively accordingto Clause 16.4 in [6, TS 38.213];    b) the RSRP measurement performed,according to clause 8.4.2.1 for the received SCI format 1-A, is higherthan Th(prio_(RX), prio_(TX));    c) the SCI format received in slott^(′)_(m)^(SL) or the same SCI format which, if and only if the‘Resource reservation period field is present in the received SCI format1-A, is assumed to be    received in slot(s)t^(′)_(m + q × P^(′)_(rsvp_RX))^(SL) determines according to clause8.1.5 the set of resource blocks and slots which overlaps withR_(x, y + j × P^(′)_(rsvp_TX)) for q=1, 2, ..., Q and j-0, 1, ...,C_(resel) - 1. Here, P^(′)_(rsvp_RX) is P_(rsvp)__(RX) converted tounits of logical slots according to clause 8.1.7,$Q = \left\lceil \frac{T_{scal}}{P_{rsvp\_ RX}} \right\rceil$ ifP_(rsvp) _(_RX) < T_(scal) and n′ - n^(′) − m ≤ P^(′)_(rsvp_RX), wheret^(′)_(n^(′))^(SL) = n if slot n belongs to the set(t^(′)₀^(SL), t^(′)₁^(SL), …, t^(′)_(T^(′)_(max) − 1)^(SL)), otherwiseslot t^(′)_(n^(′))^(SL)(t^(′)₀^(SL), t^(′)₁^(SL), …, t^(′)_(T^(′)_(max) − 1)^(SL)); is thefirst slot after slot n belonging to the set otherwise Q = 1. T_(scal)is set to selection window size T₂ converted to units of msec.    7) Ifthe number of candidate single-slot resources remaining in the set S_(A)is smaller than X · M_(total), then Th(p_(i),p_(j)) is increased by 3 dBfor each priority value Th(p_(i),p_(j)) and the procedure continues withstep 4. The UE shall report set S_(A) to higher layers.

TABLE 8 If a resource r_(i) from the set (r₀, r₁, r₂, ...) is not amember of S_(A), then the UE shall report re-evaluation of the resourcer_(i) to higher layers. If a resource r^(′)_(i) from the set(r^(′)₀, r^(′)₁, r^(′)₂, …) meets the conditions below then the UE shallreport pre-emption of the resource r^(′)_(i) to higher layers   -r^(′)_(i) is not a member of S_(A), and   - r^(′)_(i) meets theconditions for exclusion in step 6, with Th(prio_(RX), prio_(TX)) set tothe final threshold after executing steps 1)-7), i.e. including allnecessary increments for reaching X · M_(total), and   - the associatedpriority prio_(RX), satisfies one of the following conditions:    -sl-PreemptionEnable is provided and is equal to ‘enabled’ andprio_(TX) > prio_(RX)    - sl-PreemptionEnable is provided and is notequal to ‘enabled’, and prio_(RX) < prio_(pre) and prio_(TX) > prio_(RX)

For example, in LTE V2X, the partial sensing procedure may be defined asshown in Table 9.

TABLE 9 If partial sensing is configured by higher layers then thefollowing steps are used:   1) A candidate single-subframe resource forPSSCH transmission R_(x,y)is defined as a set of L_(subCH) contiguoussub-channels with sub-channel x+j in subframe t_(y)^(SL) where j =0,..., L_(subCH) - 1. The UE shall determine by its implementation a setof subframes which consists of at least Y subframes within the timeinterval [n + T₁,n + T₂] where selections of T₁ and T₂ are up to UEimplementations under T₁ ≤ 4 and T_(2min) (prio_(TX)) ≤ T₂ ≤ 100, ifT_(2min) (prio_(TX)) is provided by higher layers for prio_(TX),otherwise 20 < T₂ ≤ 100. UE selection of T₂ shall fulfil the latencyrequirement and Y shall be greater than or equal to the high layerparameter minNumCandidateSF. The UE shall assume that any set ofL_(subCH) contiguous sub-channels included in the corresponding PSSCHresource pool (described in 14.1.5) within the determined set ofsubframes correspond to one candidate single-subframe resource. Thetotal number of the candidate single-subframe resources is denoted byM_(total).   2) If a subframe t_(y)^(SL) is included in the set ofsubframes in Step 1, the UE shall monitor any subframet_(y − k × P_(step))^(SL) if k-th bit of the high layer parametergapCandidateSensing is set to 1. The UE shall perform the behaviour inthe following steps based on PSCCH decoded and S-RSSI measured in thesesubframes.   3) The parameter Th_(a,b) is set to the value indicated bythe i-th SL-ThresPSSCH-RSRP field in SL-ThresPSSCH-RSRP-List where i =a*8+b+1.   4) The set S_(A) is initialized to the union of all thecandidate single-subframe resources. The set S_(B) is initialized to anempty set.   5) The UE shall exclude any candidate single-subframeresource R_(x,y) from the set S_(A) if it meets all the followingconditions:    - the UE receives an SCI format 1 in subframe t_(m)^(SL),and “Resource reservation” field and “Priority” field in the receivedSCI format 1 indicate the values P_(rsvp_RX) and prio_(RX), respectivelyaccording to Subclause 14.2.1.    - PSSCH-RSRP measurement according tothe received SCI format 1 is higher than Th_(prio_(TX), prio_(RX)).    -the SCI format received in subframe t_(m)^(SL) or the same SCI format 1which is assumed to be received in subframe(s)t_(m + q × P_(step) × P_(rsvp_RX))^(SL) determines according to14.1.1.4C the set of resource blocks and subframes which overlaps withR_(x, y + j × P_(rsvp TX)) for q=1, 2, ..., Q and j=0, 1, ...,$Q = \frac{1}{P_{rsvp\_ RX}}\text{if}P_{rsvp\_ RX} < 1\text{and}y^{\prime} - m \leq P_{step} \times P_{rsvp\_ RX} + P_{step},$C_(resel) - 1. Here, where t_(y^(′))^(SL) is the last subframe of the Ysubframes, and Q = 1 otherwise.   6) If the number of candidatesingle-subframe resources remaining in the set S_(A) is smaller than 0.2· M_(total), then Step 4 is repeated with Th_(a,b) increased by 3 dB.  7) For a candidate single-subframe resource R_(x,y) remaining in theset S_(A), the metric E_(x,y) is defined as the linear average of S-RSSImeasured in sub-channels x+k for k = 0,..., L_(subCH) -1 in themonitored subframes in Step 2 that can be expressed byt_(y − P_(step) * j)^(SL) for a non-negative integer j.   8) The UEmoves the candidate single-subframe resource R_(x,y) with the smallestmetric E_(x,y) from the set S_(A) to S_(B). This step is repeated untilthe number of candidate single-subframe resources in the set S_(B)becomes greater than or equal to 0.2·M_(total). The UE shall report setS_(B) to higher layers.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to maximallyprevent collision with other UEs (e.g., UEs performing full sensing)coexisting on the same pool, a value of Y value (e.g., minimum number)for a selection window related to partial sensing may be configureddifferently based on a priority of transmission packet(s), aninterference level of a resource pool, whether or not vehicle-UE (V-UE)exists, etc. For example, a value of Y value (e.g., minimum number),which is the number of slots for the candidate resource(s), may beconfigured differently based on a priority of transmission packet(s), aninterference level of a resource pool, whether or not vehicle-UE (V-UE)exists, etc.

For example, in Equation (e.g., n-100*k) used to determine thenumber/location (e.g., minimum number) of sensing subframes/slotsrelated to a specific subframe/slot within a set of Y subframes/slots, avalue of k may be limited to a value of the maximum resource reservationperiod allowed for a resource pool. Specifically, for example, since aUE does not perform RSSI-based sensing, the value k may be limited tothe value of the maximum resource reservation period allowed for theresource pool. For example, a UE may determine sensingsubframe(s)/slot(s) related to a specific subframe/slot within a set ofY subframes/slots based on value(s) of resource reservation period(s)allowed for a resource pool. In the present disclosure, for example, theset of Y subframes/slots may be a set of subframes/slots including atleast Y candidate subframes/slots. For example, the set of Ysubframes/slots may be a set of subframes/slots including at least Ycandidate subframes/slots in a selection window.

FIGS. 12 and 13 show a method for a UE to determine slot(s) for sensingbased on resource reservation period(s) allowed for a resource pool,based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments ofFIGS. 12 and 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 12 and 13 , it is assumed that resourcereservation periods allowed for a resource pool are P1 and P2.Furthermore, it is assumed that the UE performs partial sensing forselecting a slot #K.

Referring to FIG. 12 , the UE may perform sensing for a slot locatedbefore P1 from the slot #K and a slot located before P2 from the slot#K.

Referring to FIG. 13 , the UE may perform sensing for a slot locatedbefore P1 from the slot #K and a slot located before P2 from the slot#K. Furthermore, optionally, the UE may perform sensing for a slotlocated before A * P1 from the slot #K and a slot located before B * P2from the slot #K. For example, A and B may be positive integers greaterthan or equal to 2.

For example, in Equation (e.g., n-100*k) used to determine thenumber/location (e.g., minimum number) of sensing subframes/slotsrelated to a specific subframe/slot within a set of Y subframes/slots,the constant 100 may be configured/set as/to a different value. Forexample, in Equation (e.g., n-100*k) used to determine thenumber/location (e.g., minimum number) of sensing subframes/slotsrelated to a specific subframe/slot within a set of Y subframes/slots,the constant 100 may be configured/set as/to a different value for eachtransmission packet of a P-UE, an interference level, etc. For example,in Equation (e.g., n-100*k) used to determine the number/location (e.g.,minimum number) of sensing subframes/slots related to a specificsubframe/slot within a set of Y subframes/slots, the constant 100 may beconfigured/set as/to value(s) of resource reservation period(s) allowedfor a resource pool.

For example, if the UE selects a set of Y subframes/slots, the UE mayselect the set of Y subframes/slots as much as possible so thatreservation is possible through a prior SCI.

For example, a value of Y may be configured differently for the UE basedon a retransmission requirement and/or a service requirement.

For example, the UE may select Y subframes/slots in order to be able tobe reserved through a prior SCI.

For example, if subframes/slots as many as the required number ofretransmissions are not supported based on a value of Y, the UE may notapply/perform a partial sensing operation.

For example, if periodic resource reservation is not allowed for aresource pool, the UE may not perform sensing based on Equation (e.g.,n-100*k). For example, the UE may perform sensing for the pre-configurednumber of slots from the first slot of a selection window. For example,the UE may sense only up to 32 slots before from N-th subframe/slot.

FIG. 14 shows a method for a UE to sense N slots based on the first slotamong selectable candidate slots, based on an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with variousembodiments of the present disclosure.

In the embodiment of FIG. 14 , it is assumed that candidate slotsselectable by the UE are a slot #M, a slot #(M+T1), and a slot#(M+T1+T2). In this case, slot(s) in which the UE needs to performsensing may be determined based on the first slot (i.e., slot #M) amongselectable candidate slots. For example, after determining the firstslot from among selectable candidate slots as a reference slot, the UEmay perform sensing for (previous) N slots from the reference slot.

Referring to FIG. 14 , based on the first slot (i.e., slot #M) amongselectable candidate slots, the UE may perform sensing for N slots. Forexample, the UE may perform sensing for N slots before the slot #M, andthe UE may select at least one SL resource from among selectablecandidate slots (i.e., slot #M, slot #(M+T1), and slot #(M+T1+T2)) basedon a result of the sensing. For example, N may be configured orpre-configured for the UE. For example, a time gap for processing mayexist between the last slot and the slot #M among the N slots.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, a mechanism foradditionally protecting transmission of a P-UE compared to LTE may beintroduced. For example, for power saving, the mechanism foradditionally protecting transmission of the P-UE may be introduced.

For example, information indicating/representing a P-UE (e.g., a P-UEindicator) may be included in a SCI. For example, the P-UE may transmitthe SCI including information indicating/representing the P-UE. In thiscase, for example, other pre-configured RSRP threshold (e.g., step 7 inTable 7) may be applied to transmission of the P-UE. For example, if theUE performs the pre-emption operation or the re-evaluation operation,other pre-configured RSRP threshold (e.g., step 7 in Table 7) may beapplied to transmission of the P-UE. For example, if the UE performs thepre-emption operation, a priority threshold for transmission of the P-UE(e.g., a priority threshold in Table 8) may be configured differently.

For example, an RSRP threshold, a pre-emption priority, etc., applied ina pool in which random sensing/partial sensing is allowed may beconfigured differently. For example, compared to a pool in which randomsensing/partial sensing is not allowed, an RSRP threshold, a pre-emptionpriority, etc., applied in a pool in which random sensing/partialsensing is allowed may be configured differently.

For example, based on a format of a second SCI, PSCCH scrambling/PSCCHDMRS sequence initialization, an ID on a SCI, etc., whether the UE is aP-UE or not may be distinguished. For example, for interferencerandomization, it is necessary to determine whether or not to separatelyinitialize a PSSCH/second SCI scrambling or a DMRS. For example, forinterference randomization, PSSCH/second SCI scrambling or a DMRS may beseparately initialized.

For example, if the P-UE transmits a SCI including a priority value, itmay be configured to apply a pre-configured offset to the priorityvalue. For example, a UE which has received the SCI may apply thepre-configured offset to the priority value, and the UE may perform thepre-emption operation based on the priority value to which the offset isapplied.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, whether a UEperforming partial sensing performs the pre-emptionoperation/re-evaluation operation or not may be configured. For example,since the pre-emption operation/re-evaluation operation may increasepower consumption of the UE, the pre-emption operation/re-evaluationoperation may not be allowed for the UE performing partial sensing.

For example, a UE performing partial sensing may perform the pre-emptionoperation/re-evaluation operation. In this case, compared with a UE(e.g., V-UE) performing full sensing, timeline related to thepre-emption operation/re-evaluation operation by the UE performingpartial sensing is loose (e.g., frequency or time period taking intoaccount detected SCI(s)). For example, compared to a UE (e.g., V-UE)performing full sensing, a sensing window related to the pre-emptionoperation/re-evaluation operation by a UE performing partial sensing maybe short.

For example, whether or not to apply the pre-emptionoperation/re-evaluation operation may be configured differently based ona type of a UE.

For example, the lower bound of a period value to which a counterscaling factor/scaling of a P-UE is applied may be configureddifferently from that of a V-UE. For example, based on whether partialsensing or random selection is performed, the lower bound of the periodvalue to which the counter scaling factor/scaling is applied may beconfigured differently.

For example, in a resource pool for only P-UE or only random selection(and/or only partial sensing), the pre-emption operation/re-evaluationoperation may not be allowed.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, if a resource pool inwhich both partial sensing and random selection is allowed is configuredfor the UE, and if the UE has a partial sensing capability, and if theUE is not instructed to use either one of partial sensing or randomselection, the UE may select either partial sensing or random selection.

For example, if an interference level is high, the UE may select partialsensing, and the UE may select resource(s) for SL transmission based onpartial sensing. For example, if an interference level of a resourcepool is high, the UE may select partial sensing, and the UE may selectresource(s) for SL transmission based on partial sensing.

For example, if a priority of packet transmission of the UE isrelatively low, the UE may select partial sensing, and the UE may selectresource(s) for SL transmission based on partial sensing. For example,if a priority value related to packet transmission of the UE is greaterthan a threshold value, and/or if a priority value related to packettransmission of the UE is greater than a priority value related topacket transmission of another UE, the UE may select partial sensing,and the UE may select resource(s) for SL transmission based on partialsensing.

For example, if a priority of packet transmission of the UE isrelatively high, the UE may select partial sensing, and the UE mayselect resource(s) for SL transmission based on partial sensing. Forexample, if a priority value related to packet transmission of the UE isless than a threshold value, and/or if a priority value related topacket transmission of the UE is less than a priority value related topacket transmission of another UE, the UE may select partial sensing,and the UE may select resource(s) for SL transmission based on partialsensing.

For example, if the remaining battery amount of the UE is sufficient,the UE may select partial sensing, and the UE may select resource(s) forSL transmission based on partial sensing. For example, if the remainingbattery amount of the UE is equal to or greater than a threshold value,the UE may select partial sensing, and the UE may select resource(s) forSL transmission based on partial sensing. For example, the UE may be aUE with RX capability.

For example, if the above-described condition is not satisfied, the UEmay fallback to random selection. For example, if the above-describedcondition is not satisfied, the UE may select random selection, and theUE may select resource(s) for SL transmission based on random selection.

For example, the above-described disclosure may be interpreted as the UEselecting a different resource selection scheme according to a priorityof service(s).

For example, re-evaluation may be applied only to high-priority packettransmission, and pre-emption may be applied only to low-priority packettransmission.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, if a P-UE cannotreceive a PSCCH/PSSCH, a procedure defined for a V-UE may be reusedbased on a (pre-)configured CBR value.

For example, a CBR measurement window/CR evaluation window of the P-UEmay be configured differently from that of the V-UE. For example, theP-UE may calculate/obtain a CBR value based only an RSSI value measuredin sensing subframe(s)/slot(s) in a sensing window determined by a Yset. For example, subframe(s)/slot(s) in the sensing window in whichsensing is not performed may be counted as busy. For example, the Y setmay be a set of subframes/slots including at least Y candidatesubframes/slots. For example, the Y set may be a set of subframes/slotsincluding at least Y candidate subframes/slots in a selection window.

For example, an RSSI threshold or a congestion level-based physicallayer parameter value for determining busy may be separately configuredfor the P-UE.

For example, a CBR measurement window and/or a CR evaluation window maybe (pre-)configured differently for each UE type.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, if the UE switchesbetween a plurality of resource pools, a method of processing anobtained/calculated CBR value and/or an obtained/calculated CR value isproposed. For example, the obtained/calculated CBR value and/or theobtained/calculated CR value may be reset. For example, after the UEobtains the CBR value and/or the CR value for a first resource pool, ifthe UE switches from the first resource pool to a second resource pool,the UE may reset the CBR value and/or the CR value obtained for thefirst resource pool.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, a value of X for eachpriority (e.g., a value of X in step 7 in Table 7) may be separatelyconfigured for a P-UE. For example, a value of X for each priority forthe P-UE may be configured separately from a value of X for eachpriority for a V-UE.

For example, a value of T2min for each priority (e.g., a value of T2minin step 1 in Table 7) may be separately configured for the P-UE. Forexample, a value of T2min for each priority for the P-UE may beconfigured separately from a value of T2min for each priority for theV-UE.

For example, exceptionally, a restriction for RSRP threshold boosting inorder to satisfy X% (e.g., step 7 in Table 7) may be configured for theP-UE.

For example, a value of a sensing window may be configured for the P-UEdifferently from the V-UE. For example, a value of a sensing window maybe separately configured for the P-UE.

Meanwhile, in consideration of complexity, power consumption, etc., itis necessary to determine whether or not to limit a transmission scheme(e.g., rank-2, MCS table) for the P-UE. In addition, according to LTEV2X, a UE performing random selection/partial sensing does not performSLSS/PSBCH transmission. Meanwhile, in NR V2X, it is necessary todetermine whether or not to allow a UE performing randomselection/partial sensing to perform SLSS/PSBCH transmission. Inaddition, similar to LTE V2X, it is necessary to determine whether ornot to set a lower bound value (e.g., 100 ms) for selectable resourcereservation period(s).

For example, the UE may perform SLSS/PSBCH transmission only whenactually performing packet transmission. For example, like D2Ddiscovery, the UE may perform SLSS/PSBCH transmission only when actuallyperforming packet transmission.

For example, the UE may perform SLSS/PSBCH transmission based on aperiod longer than 160 ms. For example, even if resources for SLSS/PSBCHtransmission are the same as before, the UE may perform SLSS/PSBCHtransmission based on a period longer than 160 ms.

For example, if the P-UE transmits the SLSS/PSBCH, the SLSS/PSBCH may beconsidered as a relatively high priority. For example, a priority of theSLSS/PSBCH transmitted by the P-UE may be higher than a priority of theSLSS/PSBCH transmitted by the V-UE. For example, since a priority of theSLSS/PSBCH transmitted by the P-UE is relatively high, neighboring UEsreceiving the SLSS/PSBCH may create a synch cluster based on theSLSS/PSBCH.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, beta candidatevalue(s) and/or alpha value(s) related to a second SCI for a P-UE may beconfigured differently from that of a V-UE. For example, separately frombeta candidate value(s) and/or alpha value(s) related to the second SCIfor the V-UE, beta candidate value(s) and/or alpha value(s) related tothe second SCI may be configured for the P-UE. For example,additionally, based on whether partial sensing or random selection isperformed, the corresponding parameter candidate value(s) may beconfigured differently.

For example, DMRS pattern candidate(s) or MCS table candidate(s) for theP-UE may be configured differently from the V-UE. For example, DMRSpattern candidate(s) or MCS table candidate(s) for the P-UE may beconfigured for the P-UE separately from DMRS pattern candidate(s) or MCStable candidate(s) for the V-UE. For example, additionally, based onwhether partial sensing or random selection is performed, thecorresponding parameter candidate(s) may be configured differently.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, it is necessary todetermine whether or not to allow enabling of HARQ feedback for packettransmission based on random selection or partial sensing.

For example, packet transmission based on random selection or partialsensing may cause a lot of interference to UE(s) performing fullsensing-based transmission on the same resource pool. Due to this,retransmissions may increase. Therefore, for example, a set of RBs ofPSFCH resources may be configured separately.

For example, if a UE performing transmission based on random selectionor partial sensing transmits a HARQ feedback enabled MAC PDU, the UE mayuse pre-configured separate resource(s).

For example, only if partial sensing is allowed for a resource pool andrandomly selected resource(s) is reserved, the UE may be allowed totransmit a HARQ feedback enabled MAC PDU based on the randomly selectedresource(s). Alternatively, for example, if partial sensing is allowedfor a resource pool and randomly selected resource(s) is reserved, theUE may not be allowed to transmit a HARQ feedback enabled MAC PDU basedon randomly selected resource(s).

For example, if ACK/NACK is supported, a value of K (e.g.,PSSCH-to-PSFCH value) may be configured. For example, if clock speed islowered, power consumption may be reduced. In this case, a larger valueof K (e.g., PSSCH-to-PSFCH value) may be required instead.

For example, a value of a zone length/width for each communication rangemay be separately configured for a P-UE. For example, separately from avalue of a zone length/width for each communication range for a V-UE, avalue of a zone length/width for each communication range for the P-UEmay be configured for the P-UE.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, it is necessary todetermine whether or not to allow SL pathloss-based power control for aP-UE. For example, if the P-UE does not have RX capability, the P-UE maynot be able to perform SL pathloss-based power control. For example, ifthe P-UE has partial RX capability, it may be inefficient for the P-UEto perform SL pathloss-based power control due to RSRP accuracyproblems. For example, if the P-UE has partial RX capability, the P-UEmay perform SL pathloss-based power control.

For example, nominal power of the P-UE may be configured to be differentfrom that of the V-UE. For example, nominal power of the P-UE may beconfigured to be the same as that of the V-UE.

For example, the maximum power of the P-UE may be limited. For example,channel power control parameter(s) based on DL pathloss may be included.For example, channel power control parameter(s) based on DL pathloss ofthe P-UE may be limited.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, UL-SL prioritizationmay be different for each UE type. For example, UL-SL prioritization mayalso include a SL prioritization situation in in-device coexistence ofNR/LTE. For example, a set of thresholds may be different for each UEtype. For example, in in-device coexistence, since SL transmission ofthe P-UE is important, SL transmission of the P-UE may be prioritized.For example, in in-device coexistence, since SL transmission of the P-UEis important, SL transmission of the P-UE may be prioritized over otherSL receptions.

For example, even though the P-UE has few opportunities to perform SLtransmission, it may be a problem whether the P-UE should give up SLtransmission due to UL transmission. Accordingly, SL transmission of theP-UE may be prioritized over UL transmission.

For example, whether or not the sensing operation is performed and/orwhether or not the sensing operation is simplified, etc., may be(pre-)configured for each resource pool. For example, if not performingthe sensing operation is supported and performing the simplified sensingoperation is supported, the UE may determine whether and how to performthe sensing operation implementationally. For example, the UE maydetermine whether and how to perform the sensing operation for eachcongestion level and/or for each service type and/or for each remainingpower and/or for each power saving mode. For example, if an interferencelevel is high, or if its packet transmission has a relatively lowpriority, or if the remaining battery is sufficient (more than athreshold), the UE may select partial sensing. For example, the UE maybe a UE having RX capability. For example, if the above-describedcondition is not satisfied, the UE may fallback to random selection. Forexample, the above-described disclosure may be interpreted as the UEselecting a different resource selection scheme according to a priorityof service(s).

Meanwhile, legacy UE(s) may determine reserved resource(s) or candidateresource(s) for SL transmission after performing the sensing operation.Thereafter, the UE may continuously attempt to detect SCI(s), and the UEmay perform re-evaluation, reselection, or pre-emption for the reservedresource(s) or the candidate resource(s) based on reserved resource(s)indicated by the detected SCI(s) and RSRP measurement value(s)corresponding thereto. For example, if an RSRP measurement value forreserved resource(s) indicated by a newly detected SCI exceeds aspecific threshold, and if the reserved resource(s) overlaps withcandidate resource(s) for transmission of the UE, the UE may perform aprocess of reselecting the candidate resource(s). For example, the newlydetected resource(s) may be resource(s) that satisfies the pre-emptioncondition (e.g., if a reception priority value is less than a specificthreshold value and the reception priority value is less than atransmission priority value).

Based on the re-evaluation operation and/or the pre-emption operation,the UE may have to continuously attempt SCI detection after reselectingresource(s), which may increase power consumption of the UE.Accordingly, for example, whether to perform the continuous sensingoperation and/or whether to perform the re-evaluation operation and/orwhether to perform the pre-emption operation may be configured orperformed differently for each UE type. For example, the P-UE or thepower saving UE may omit the continuous sensing operation and/or there-evaluation operation and/or the pre-emption operation (even if thecorresponding operation is configured in the corresponding resourcepool). For example, in the case of performing the continuous sensingoperation and/or the re-evaluation operation and/or the pre-emptionoperation, a time restriction for a time of SCI detection to bereflected/considered may be determined or configured differently foreach UE type. For example, if it is assumed that the legacy UEdetermines whether to perform the re-evaluation operation and/or whetherto perform the pre-emption operation based on SCI(s) detected from atime point m-T3 (herein, m is a candidate resource for SL transmission(that appears first in time), the P-UE may determine whether to performthe re-evaluation operation and/or whether to perform the pre-emptionoperation based on SCI(s) detected from a time point m-T′ 3 (e.g.,herein, T′ 3 is a value greater than or equal to T3).

For example, in the case of determining reserved resource(s) indicatedby SCI(s) detected in a sensing window, whether or not to apply a periodand information on the number of periods (e.g., counter scaling) may bedifferent based on a type of a UE. For example, the legacy UE determinesavailable resource(s) by extending the indicated reserved resource byonly one period, but the P-UE may determine available resource(s) byextending the indicated reserved resource by a plurality of periods. Forexample, the legacy UE determines available resource(s) by extending theindicated reserved resource by only a plurality of periods, but the P-UEmay determine available resources(s) by extending the indicated reservedresource by a one period or a small number of periods.

For example, a threshold value used to determine whether or not toexclude the reserved resource(s) from the available resource(s) based onRSRP measurement value(s) for the indicated reserved resource(s) may be(pre-)configured based on a type of a UE. For example, a size of aresource reselection window may be determined differently based on atype of a UE. For example, at least one of the start location of theresource reselection window, the lower bound of the start location, orthe upper bound of the start location may be (pre-)configureddifferently based on a type of a UE. For example, at least one of theend location of the resource reselection window, the lower bound of theend location, or the upper bound of the end location may be(pre-)configured differently based on a type of a UE. For example, avalue of the allowable lower bound of a ratio of available resources tototal resources within the resource reselection window (e.g., X value)may be (pre-)configured differently based on a type of a UE.

For example, a size of a resource sensing window may be determineddifferently based on a type of a UE. For example, at least one of thestart location of the resource sensing window, the lower bound of thestart location, or the upper bound of the start location may be(pre-)configured differently based on a type of a UE. For example, atleast one of the end location of the resource sensing window, the lowerbound of the end location, or the upper bound of the end location may be(pre-)configured differently based on a type of a UE.

For example, a CBR measurement window and/or a CR evaluation window maybe (pre-)configured differently for each UE type.

For example, the UE may distinguish/determine a type of a UE (e.g.,V-UE, P-UE) based on the first SCI and/or the second SCI and/or thePSSCH. For example, the first SCI may indicate the type of the UE byusing a reserved field. For example, the type of the UE may bedistinguished/determined based on a format of the second SCI. Forexample, the type of the UE may be distinguished/determined based on aPSCCH scrambling sequence and/or a DMRS sequence and/or a PSCCH CRCmasking sequence. For example, the type of the UE may bedistinguished/determined based on an L1 source ID and/or an L1destination ID. For example, if the UE determines whether or not toexclude the reserved resource(s) from the available resources(s) basedon RSRP measurement value(s) for the reserved resource(s) indicated bySCI(s), an RSRP threshold to be used for the determination may be(pre-)configured differently based on the type of the UE.

Meanwhile, based on the type of the UE, the SL reception operation maybe limited. In the above situation, a specific UE may not be able toperform PSFCH reception corresponding to PSCCH/PSSCH transmission afterthe PSCCH/PSSCH transmission or may receive a PSFCH in a restrictedlocation. For example, whether or not to activate SL HARQ feedback maybe configured/indicated differently, based on the type of the UE and/orthe sensing operation method performed by the UE or whether or not thesensing operation is performed. For example, a UE that does not performthe sensing operation and/or a UE that performs the simplified sensingoperation may not support or deactivate SL HARQ feedback. For example,PSFCH-related configuration(s) (e.g., a period of PSFCH resources and/orthe location of RBs and/or the number of CSs and/or a timing or a slotoffset between a PSSCH and a PSFCH) may be (pre-)configured differently,based on the type of the UE and/or the sensing operation methodperformed by the UE or whether or not the sensing operation isperformed.

For example, whether or not to activate CSI reporting triggering may beconfigured/indicated differently, based on the type of the UE and/or thesensing operation method performed by the UE or whether or not thesensing operation is performed. For example, the UE that does notperform the sensing operation and/or the UE that performs the simplifiedsensing operation may not perform CSI reporting triggering.Alternatively, for example, for the UE that does not perform the sensingoperation and/or the UE that performs the simplified sensing operation,a size of a CSI reporting window may be (pre-)configured differently orconfigured (through PC5-RRC signaling).

For example, a supportable power control method may be determined, basedon the type of the UE and/or the sensing operation method performed bythe UE or whether or not the sensing operation is performed. Forexample, the UE that does not perform the sensing operation and/or theUE that performs the simplified sensing operation may not support ordeactivate the SL pathloss-based power control scheme. For example, forthe UE that does not perform the sensing operation and/or the UE thatperforms the simplified sensing operation, Po or a nominal power valuemay be (pre-)configured differently. For example, for the UE that doesnot perform the sensing operation and/or the UE that performs thesimplified sensing operation, a maximum transmit power value may be(pre-)configured.

For example, a group of thresholds used to determine a priority betweenUL and SL may be (pre-)configured differently or configured (through RRCsignaling), based on the type of the UE and/or the sensing operationmethod performed by the UE or whether or not the sensing operation isperformed.

For example, the second SCI mapping-related parameter(s) (e.g., betacandidate value(s), alpha value(s), etc.) may be (pre-)configureddifferently, based on the type of the UE and/or the sensing operationmethod performed by the UE or whether or not the sensing operation isperformed.

For example, PSSCH DMRS pattern candidate(s) may be (pre-)configureddifferently, based on the type of the UE and/or the sensing operationmethod performed by the UE or whether or not the sensing operation isperformed. For example, PSSCH DMRS patterns which can be indicated maybe limited based on the type of the UE and/or the sensing operationmethod performed by the UE or whether or not the sensing operation isperformed.

For example, a transmission scheme of a PSSCH may be limited based onthe type of the UE and/or the sensing operation method performed by theUE or whether or not the sensing operation is performed. For example,the transmission scheme of the PSSCH may include the number of transmitantenna ports or a rank. For example, the transmission scheme of thePSSCH may include information related to available MCS table(s).

Hereinafter, random resource selection and partial sensing operationwill be described in detail.

In this section, high-level views on what further enhancements can beconsidered for the resource allocation to reduce the power consumptionare provided, when applying the principle of LTE SL to NR mode 2operation.

According to the partial sensing operation of LTE SL, when a powersaving UE (P-UE) makes resource (re)selection decision at TTI m, thepossible candidates resources, i.e., Y slots, are selected in theselection window (i.e., [m+T1, m+T2]), and the minimum allowed value ofY is (pre)configured. Depending on what Y value is (pre)configured, thelevel of power consumption and the number of possible retransmissionsare changed. To avoid the problematic case where the (pre)configured Yvalue is less than the necessary number of retransmissions, it can beconsidered that different Y value is (pre)configured for each priorityvalue (or service type/requirement). By doing so, it would be possibleto efficiently support different number of retransmissions required fordifferent service type even in case of partial sensing operation. Inaddition, if the interference level (e.g., CBR) in the resource pool islow, the probability of resource collision among different UEs could below from an average point of view. In this case, even if a relativelysmall Y value is applied, the performance degradation will not besignificant. When there is a UE performing the sensing operation in thesame resource pool, it would be desirable to reduce interference toresources selected by the corresponding UE as much as possible.Considering these aspects, it can be defined that different(pre)configured Y values are applied to different interference levels ofresource pool or depending on whether or not the UE performing sensingoperation is detected (e.g., especially when the information of UE typeis signaled via SCI). Also it needs to discuss whether to simply reusethe LTE SL principle of determining the minimum number or location ofslots to be monitored for slot n within the set of Y slots. To bespecific, in LTE SL, the P-UE senses at least slot n-100*k for anycandidate resource in slot n within the set of Y slots, and the set of kis (pre)configured with each element in the range [1, 10]. We think thatin NR mode 2, since there is no need to perform the RSSI measurementwithin the sensing window, the upper bound of k value is set to themaximum reservation periodicity allowed in the resource pool. If thefirst slot to be monitored is always located 100 slots before slot n, itwould be difficult to avoid the collision with a UE that has reservedresources with a short periodicity (e.g., < 100 slots). This problembecomes worse when only candidates with the relatively short reservationperiods are allowed in the resource pool. Therefore, the constant value(i.e., 100) in the equation of ‘slot n-100*k’ can be changed to a(pre)configurable value.

For example, due to ((LTE/NR) SL and/or UL) transmission operation(s) ofthe UE, if the UE fails to perform monitoring for some slots among slotsM (e.g., M = N-100*K) (in the sensing window) in which sensing relatedto the slot N selected based on the Y value (described above) in theselection window should be performed, the UE may be configured toexclude the slot N from Y slots selected in the selection window. Forexample, due to ((LTE/NR) SL and/or UL) transmission operation(s) of theUE, if the UE fails to perform monitoring for some slots among slots M(e.g., M = N-100*K) (in the sensing window) in which sensing related tothe slot N selected based on the Y value (described above) in theselection window should be performed, the UE may be configured to selectthe slot N with a lower priority in the selection window.

For example, due to ((LTE/NR) SL and/or UL) transmission operation(s) ofthe UE, if the UE fails to perform monitoring for the number/ratio ofslots greater than or equal to a pre-configured threshold number/ratio(TH_NMN) among slots M (e.g., M = N-100*K) (in the sensing window) inwhich sensing related to the slot N selected based on the Y value(described above) in the selection window should be performed, the UEmay be configured to exclude the slot N from Y slots selected in theselection window. For example, due to ((LTE/NR) SL and/or UL)transmission operation(s) of the UE, if the UE fails to performmonitoring for the number/ratio of slots greater than or equal to apre-configured threshold number/ratio (TH_NMN) among slots M (e.g., M =N-100*K) (in the sensing window) in which sensing related to the slot Nselected based on the Y value (described above) in the selection windowshould be performed, the UE may be configured to select the slot N witha lower priority in the selection window.

For example, due to ((LTE/NR) SL and/or UL) transmission operation(s) ofthe UE, if the UE fails to perform monitoring for all slots among slotsM (e.g., M = N-100*K) (in the sensing window) in which sensing relatedto the slot N selected based on the Y value (described above) in theselection window should be performed, the UE may be configured toexclude the slot N from Y slots selected in the selection window. Forexample, due to ((LTE/NR) SL and/or UL) transmission operation(s) of theUE, if the UE fails to perform monitoring for all slots among slots M(e.g., M = N-100*K) (in the sensing window) in which sensing related tothe slot N selected based on the Y value (described above) in theselection window should be performed, the UE may be configured to selectthe slot N with a lower priority in the selection window.

If the above rule is applied, for example, the UE may select Y slots(limitedly or preferentially) in the selection window in order to beable to sense all (related) slots based on a pre-configured K value. Forexample, the UE may select Y slots (limitedly or preferentially) in theselection window in order to be able to sense the number of slots(TH_YMN) greater than or equal to a pre-configured thresholdnumber/ratio among (related) slots based on a pre-configured K value.

For example, if the UE performs (periodic) resourceselection/reservation related to a plurality of SL grants (and/orbooking process) (BK_PR) based on partial sensing, and if the UE selectsY slots in a selection window related to a specific BK_PR#A, the UE maypreferentially select Y slots so that (slots in which sensing should beperformed based on the K value) overlap as much as possible with slotsin which sensing is performed in other BK_PR#B related resourceselection/reservation. For example, if the UE performs (periodic)resource selection/reservation related to a plurality of SL grants(and/or booking process) (BK_PR) based on partial sensing, and if the UEselects Y slots in a selection window related to a specific BK_PR#A, theUE may preferentially select Y slots so that (slots in which sensingshould be performed based on the K value) overlap with slots in whichsensing is performed in other BK_PR#B related resourceselection/reservation by greater than or equal to a pre-configuredthreshold number (TH_OMN). For example, if the UE selects/determinessensing slot(s) for BK_PR#A related resource selection/reservation, theUE may preferentially select/use sensing slot(s) used for BK_PR#Brelated resource selection/reservation.

For example, unlike the V-UE, the (maximum or minimum) size of thesensing window and/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensing slots(SEN_WIN) of the P-UE may be considered/determined as a maximum valueamong resource reservation period values configured/allowed for aresource pool. For example, unlike the V-UE, the (maximum or minimum)size of the sensing window and/or the (maximum or minimum) number ofsensing slots (SEN_WIN) of the P-UE may be considered/determined as aminimum value among resource reservation period valuesconfigured/allowed for a resource pool. For example, unlike the V-UE,the (maximum or minimum) size of the sensing window and/or the (maximumor minimum) number of sensing slots (SEN_WIN) of the P-UE may beconsidered/determined as an average value of resource reservation periodvalues configured/allowed for a resource pool. For example, unlike theV-UE, the (maximum or minimum) size of the sensing window and/or the(maximum or minimum) number of sensing slots (SEN_WIN) of the P-UE maybe considered/determined as a pre-configured resource reservation periodvalue configured/allowed for a resource pool. For example, based on thetype of the UE, the (maximum or minimum) size of the sensing windowand/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensing slots may beconfigured differently.

For example, at least one of the (maximum or minimum) number of slots M(e.g., M = N-100*K) (in the sensing window) in which the UE shouldperform sensing related to the slot N selected based on the Y value(described above) in the selection window, pattern/combination, the(maximum or minimum) size of the sensing window, and/or the (maximum orminimum) number of sensing slots may be configured (independently ordifferently) for each priority of service(s)/packet(s). For example, atleast one of the (maximum or minimum) number of slots M (e.g., M =N-100*K) (in the sensing window) in which the UE should perform sensingrelated to the slot N selected based on the Y value (described above) inthe selection window, pattern/combination, the (maximum or minimum) sizeof the sensing window, and/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensingslots may be configured (independently or differently) for eachservice/packet requirement. For example, at least one of the (maximum orminimum) number of slots M (e.g., M = N-100*K) (in the sensing window)in which the UE should perform sensing related to the slot N selectedbased on the Y value (described above) in the selection window,pattern/combination, the (maximum or minimum) size of the sensingwindow, and/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensing slots may beconfigured (independently or differently) for each remaining PDB valuerelated to transmission packet(s). For example, at least one of the(maximum or minimum) number of slots M (e.g., M = N-100*K) (in thesensing window) in which the UE should perform sensing related to theslot N selected based on the Y value (described above) in the selectionwindow, pattern/combination, the (maximum or minimum) size of thesensing window, and/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensing slotsmay be configured (independently or differently) for each congestionlevel (e.g., CBR) in a resource pool. For example, at least one of the(maximum or minimum) number of slots M (e.g., M = N-100*K) (in thesensing window) in which the UE should perform sensing related to theslot N selected based on the Y value (described above) in the selectionwindow, pattern/combination, the (maximum or minimum) size of thesensing window, and/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensing slotsmay be configured (independently or differently) based on whether or notto transmit packet(s) (e.g., MAC PDU) based on HARQ feedback. Forexample, at least one of the (maximum or minimum) number of slots M(e.g., M = N-100*K) (in the sensing window) in which the UE shouldperform sensing related to the slot N selected based on the Y value(described above) in the selection window, pattern/combination, the(maximum or minimum) size of the sensing window, and/or the (maximum orminimum) number of sensing slots may be configured (independently ordifferently) for performing re-evaluation. For example, at least one ofthe (maximum or minimum) number of slots M (e.g., M = N-100*K) (in thesensing window) in which the UE should perform sensing related to theslot N selected based on the Y value (described above) in the selectionwindow, pattern/combination, the (maximum or minimum) size of thesensing window, and/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensing slotsmay be configured (independently or differently) for performingpre-emption. For example, at least one of the (maximum or minimum)number of slots M (e.g., M = N-100*K) (in the sensing window) in whichthe UE should perform sensing related to the slot N selected based onthe Y value (described above) in the selection window,pattern/combination, the (maximum or minimum) size of the sensingwindow, and/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensing slots may beconfigured (independently or differently) for resource reselection basedon re-evaluation. For example, at least one of the (maximum or minimum)number of slots M (e.g., M = N-100*K) (in the sensing window) in whichthe UE should perform sensing related to the slot N selected based onthe Y value (described above) in the selection window,pattern/combination, the (maximum or minimum) size of the sensingwindow, and/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensing slots may beconfigured (independently or differently) for resource reselection basedon pre-emption. For example, at least one of the (maximum or minimum)number of slots M (e.g., M = N-100*K) (in the sensing window) in whichthe UE should perform sensing related to the slot N selected based onthe Y value (described above) in the selection window,pattern/combination, the (maximum or minimum) size of the sensingwindow, and/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensing slots may beconfigured (independently or differently) for resource selection basedon initial sensing.

For example, if the UE performs resource selection/reservation based oninitial sensing, the (maximum or minimum) size of the sensing windowand/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensing slots (INI_SENS)related to the initial sensing may be configured to be relatively largeand/or many (e.g., 1 second or the number of slots within 1 second). Onthe other hand, for example, if the UE performs the pre-emptioncheck/operation for selected/reserved resource(s) (signaled by a SCI)and/or the re-evaluation operation for reselected resource(s) and/or there-evaluation operation for resource(s) selected based on initialsensing afterwards, the (maximum or minimum) size of the sensing windowand/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensing slots (AF_SENS)related to the operation may be configured to be relatively small and/orfew (e.g., 32 slots).

For example, if the UE performs resource selection/reservation based oninitial sensing, the (maximum or minimum) size of the sensing windowand/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensing slots (INI_SENS)related to the initial sensing may be configured to be relatively smalland/or few. On the other hand, for example, if the UE performs thepre-emption check/operation for selected/reserved resource(s) (signaledby a SCI) and/or the re-evaluation operation for reselected resource(s)and/or the re-evaluation operation for resource(s) selected based oninitial sensing afterwards, the (maximum or minimum) size of the sensingwindow and/or the (maximum or minimum) number of sensing slots (AF_SENS)related to the operation may be configured to be relatively large and/ormany.

For example, if the UE performs random resource selection (withoutsensing) and/or resource selection based on partial sensing, other UE(s)needs to effectively perform sensing/collision avoidance for theresource(s) (based on re-evaluation/pre-emption). To this end, in theselection window, the UE may (preferentially or limitedly) selectresource(s) located after a pre-configured offset value (OFF_VAL) fromthe starting time of the selection window.

For example, the UE may be configured to signal/transmit informationrelated to the performed sensing type (e.g., no sensing, partialsensing, full sensing) and/or information related to the resourceselection/reservation type (e.g., random selection) throughpre-configured bit(s) (e.g., reserved bit(s)) and/or a field included ina SCI. Herein, for example, if the UE detects/determines transmissionresource(s) (SEN_RSC) (of other UE(s) (e.g., may be limited to P-UE(s)))selected/reserved based on the pre-configured sensing type and/or theresource selection/reservation type (e.g., may be configured to at leastone of no sensing (or partial sensing or full sensing), or randomselection), and if selected/reserved resource(s) of the UE overlappingSEN_RSC exists in the pre-emption procedure and/or the re-evaluationprocedure, (A) the UE (always) to perform resource reselection, and/or(B) the UE may perform the pre-emption operation and/or there-evaluation operation by assuming that a (packet) priority related toSEN_RSC is a pre-configured value (or by adding a pre-configured offsetvalue (PRI_OFF) to a (packet) priority related to SEN_RSC or by assumingthat a (packet) priority related to SEN_RSC is (always) higher than itsown (packet) priority).

For example, if the UE of a pre-configured type receives again a MAC PDUsuccessfully decoded (exceptionally), the UE may be configured to omitPSFCH transmission (e.g., ACK). For example, if the UE of thepre-configured type receives again the MAC PDU successfully decoded(exceptionally), the UE may perform PSFCH transmission up to apre-configured threshold number of times (RE_THNUM).

For example, the parameter(s) (e.g., TH_NMN, TH_YMN, TH_OMN, SEN_WIN,INI_SENS, AF_SENS, OFF_VAL, PRI_OFF and/or RE_THNUM) and/or whether therule(s) of the present disclosure is applied or not may be configured(independently or differently) for each priority ofservice(s)/packet(s). For example, the parameter(s) (e.g., TH_NMN,TH_YMN, TH_OMN, SEN_WIN, INI_SENS, AF_SENS, OFF_VAL, PRI_OFF and/or RETHNUM) and/or whether the rule(s) of the present disclosure is appliedor not may be configured (independently or differently) for eachrequirement of service(s)/packet(s). For example, the parameter(s)(e.g., TH_NMN, TH_YMN, TH_OMN, SEN_WIN, INI_SENS, AF_SENS, OFF_VAL,PRI_OFF and/or RE_THNUM) and/or whether the rule(s) of the presentdisclosure is applied or not may be configured (independently ordifferently) for each remaining PDB value related to transmissionpacket(s). For example, the parameter(s) (e.g., TH_NMN, TH_YMN, TH_OMN,SEN_WIN, INI_SENS, AF_SENS, OFF_VAL, PRI_OFF and/or RE_THNUM) and/orwhether the rule(s) of the present disclosure is applied or not may beconfigured (independently or differently) for each congestion level(e.g., CBR) in a resource pool. For example, the parameter(s) (e.g.,TH_NMN, TH_YMN, TH_OMN, SEN_WIN, INI_SENS, AF_SENS, OFF_VAL, PRI_OFFand/or RE_THNUM) and/or whether the rule(s) of the present disclosure isapplied or not may be configured (independently or differently) based onwhether or not to transmit packet(s) (e.g., MAC PDU) based on HARQfeedback. For example, the parameter(s) (e.g., TH_NMN, TH_YMN, TH_OMN,SEN_WIN, INI_SENS, AF_SENS, OFF_VAL, PRI_OFF and/or RE_THNUM) and/orwhether the rule(s) of the present disclosure is applied or not may beconfigured (independently or differently) for performing re-evaluation.For example, the parameter(s) (e.g., TH_NMN, TH_YMN, TH_OMN, SEN_WIN,INI_SENS, AF_SENS, OFF_VAL, PRI_OFF and/or RE THNUM) and/or whether therule(s) of the present disclosure is applied or not may be configured(independently or differently) for performing pre-emption. For example,the parameter(s) (e.g., TH_NMN, TH_YMN, TH_OMN, SEN_WIN, INI_SENS,AF_SENS, OFF _VAL, PRI_OFF and/or RE_THNUM) and/or whether the rule(s)of the present disclosure is applied or not may be configured(independently or differently) for resource reselection based onre-evaluation. For example, the parameter(s) (e.g., TH_NMN, TH_YMN,TH_OMN, SEN_WIN, INI_SENS, AF_SENS, OFF_VAL, PRI_OFF and/or RE_THNUM)and/or whether the rule(s) of the present disclosure is applied or notmay be configured (independently or differently) for resourcereselection based on pre-emption. For example, the parameter(s) (e.g.,TH_NMN, TH_YMN, TH_OMN, SEN_WIN, INI_SENS, AF_SENS, OFF_VAL, PRI_OFFand/or RE_THNUM) and/or whether the rule(s) of the present disclosure isapplied or not may be configured (independently or differently) forresource selection based on initial sensing.

Proposal 1: For the partial sensing operation, RAN1 discusses how to(pre)configure/determine the minimum number of candidate slots withinthe selection window and the minimum number or location of slots to bemonitored within the sensing window.

When the TX pool configuration allows both partial sensing operation andrandom resource selection and the P-UE is not instructed to use only oneof them, it needs to discuss how to select one of them. For example, itcan be defined that if the interference level of resource pool/amount ofremaining battery is higher than the (pre)configured threshold (or thepriority value of packet to be transmitted is lower than the(pre)configured threshold), P-UE selects the partial sensing operation.Otherwise, the random resource selection is selected.

Proposal 2: For the case when TX pool (pre)configuration allows bothpartial sensing operation and random resource selection, RAN1 discusseswhether or how to define the criteria to select one of them.

One of ways to reduce P-UE’s power consumption is to lower theprobability of retransmissions (or increase the success rate of packetdelivery). In this sense, we can discuss the potential enhancements toprotect P-UE’s transmission. For example, after defining that the UEtype information is singled via SCI, when a resource reserved by P-UE isdetected during the sensing operation (or the re-evaluation/pre-emptionprocedure), whether to exclude these resources (from the set ofcandidate resources within the selection window) is determined based onthe separately (pre)configured RSRP threshold. The RSRP threshold valueapplied to the resource reserved by P-UE could be set relatively lowthan that applied to the resource reserved by Vehicle UE (V-UE).Alternatively, it can be considered to add an (pre)configured offsetvalue to the RSRP value measured in the resource reserved by P-UE. Inthe pre-emption operation, different (pre)configured priority thresholdvalues can be applied between the resources reserved by different UEtypes (e.g., applying a relatively high priority threshold value to theresource reserved by P-UE). Also, in order for P-UE to select a resourcehaving the relatively low interference level, the minimum percentage (X)of candidate resources remaining after the resource exclusion procedure(or the minimum value of T2 for the selection window) can be(pre)configured differently from V-UE. When the ratio of identifiedcandidate resources to the total number of resources in the selectionwindow is less than X %, the upper limit of the number of RSRP thresholdincrements (or the increased RSRP threshold value) can be(pre)configured for P-UE.

Proposal 3: RAN1 discusses whether or how to protect P-UE’s reservedresource and make P-UE select a resource with low interference level.

When using the random resource selection, it is desirable to maximallyreduce the interference to resources selected by another UE that hasperformed the sensing operation. In this sense, for NR mode 2, themechanism of LTE SL can be reused that the randomly selected resource isreselected following the periodic resource reservation procedure, if thepartial sensing is allowed in the TX pool.

Proposal 4: RAN1 discusses how to make other UEs (performing the sensingoperation) avoid the resource randomly selected by P-UE.

Since the re-evaluation/pre-emption procedures require additional powerconsumption, it needs to discuss whether/when P-UE performs theseoperations. For example, it can be simply defined that P-UE does notsupport/perform those kind of operations, but the probability that thetransmission resource of P-UE collides with that of another UE willincrease. Alternatively, whether or not the P-UE performs there-evaluation/pre-emption operations could be determined by consideringe.g., the interference level of resource pool, the priority of packet tobe transmitted, and the amount of remaining battery. To be specific, incase when the interference level of resource pool/amount of remainingbattery is lower than the (pre)configured threshold, it is not necessaryfor P-UE to perform such operations. In addition, the re-evaluationoperation is performed only for the packet with a low priority value,while the pre-emption operation is performed only for the packet with ahigh priority value. The frequency/portion of performing there-evaluation/pre-emption operations can be (pre)configured for P-UE.

Proposal 5: RAN1 discusses whether or how to allow there-evaluation/pre-emption operations to P-UE.

Considering the possibility that P-UE does not have SL RX capability, itneeds to discuss how to support the PHY parameter adjustment in terms ofcongestion control. We think that it could be possible to reuse theprinciple of LTE SL that the selection of PHY parameter is based on the(pre)configured CBR value.

Proposal 6: When P-UE does not have SL RX capability, RAN1 discusses howto support the PHY parameter adjustment in terms of congestion control.

One of topics need to be discussed further is whether P-UE can transmitHARQ feedback (FD) enabled MAC PDU by using the randomly selectedresource. If it is allowed, the transmission on the randomly selectedresource could generate the interference to both PSSCH/PSCCH RX andPSFCH RX of other UEs. To resolve this problem, for example, it can bedefined that HARQ FD enabled MAC PDU is transmitted only using theresource selected by the sensing operation (i.e., only HARQ FD disabledMAC PDU can be transmitted using the randomly selected resource).Alternatively, the PSFCH resource set can be additionally(pre)configured for the randomly selected resource, which is orthogonalto the PSFCH resource set of the resource selected by the sensingoperation. The resource pool used for HARQ FD enabled MAC PDUtransmission can be (pre)configured separately between the randomlyselected resource and the resource selected by using the sensingoperation. The minimum time gap between the PSSCH and the associatedPSFCH can be also (pre)configured separately for P-UE, which could belarger than that of V-UE (e.g., achieving the power consumptionreduction gain resulting from low the processing/clock speed).

Proposal 7: RAN1 discusses whether or how to allow HARQ FD enabled MACPDU transmission by using the randomly selected resource.

In addition, it needs to discuss whether the OLPC parameter/maximum SLTX power value (in SL/DL PL based power control procedure) are the samebetween P-UE and V-UE. For example, in order to reduce the powerconsumption, the relatively small OLPC parameter/maximum SL TX powervalue can be (pre)configured separately for P-UE.

Proposal 8: RAN1 discusses whether or how to support P-UE’s TX powercontrol.

Since dropping of SL packet TX has a negative effect in terms of powerconsumption reduction, it is necessary to have a discussion on how tohandle P-UE’s SL TX in the UL-SL prioritization procedure. For example,it can be defined that when SL TX is overlapped with UL TX from the P-UEperspective, a separately (pre)configured SL (or UL) priority thresholdis used to decide which TX is dropped. This SL (or UL) prioritythreshold value could be relatively larger (or smaller) than that usedfor V-UE to perform the UL-SL prioritization procedure. Alternatively,an (pre)configured offset value can be added to the priority value ofP-UE’s SL TX. By doing so, it could be possible to avoid the frequentdropping of P-UE’s SL TX.

Proposal 9: RAN1 discusses whether or how to handle P-UE’s SL TX in theUL-SL prioritization procedure.

If the reliability of packet transmission increase, it could be helpfulfor P-UE to reduce the power consumption. In this sense, the beta valuedetermining/adjusting the number of 2nd SCI mapping REs (or the alphavalue determining the upper limit of 2nd SCI mapping REs) can be(pre)configured separately for P-UE, which could be larger than that ofV-UE (e.g., achieving the 2nd SCI decoding performance gain resultingfrom low coding rate). The interference level on the selected resourcecould be different depending on what kind of sensing method is used.Considering this aspect, the different beta value sets can be(pre)configured between the random resource selection and the partialsensing operation (or between the full sensing operation and the partialsensing operation).

Proposal 10: RAN1 discusses whether or how to increase the reliabilityof P-UE’s packet transmission.

To reduce the complexity/power consumption of P-UE, it needs to discusswhether to support/perform PSSCH TX with 2 layers (or high modulationorder) and SL-SSB TX. In LTE SL, P-UE performing partial sensingoperation or random resource selection does not transmit SL-SSB. Forexample, it can be defined that P-UE performs SL-SSB TX only in thenearest SLSS slot before the actual packet is to be transmitted. Withthis approach, it is possible to reduce the power consumed by SL-SSB TX.

Proposal 11: RAN1 discusses how to define P-UE’s capability for e.g.,PSSCH TX with 2 layers, high modulation order, and SL-SSB TX.

Based on various embodiments of the present disclosure, the UE mayperform resource (re)selection in a different manner, based on the typeof the UE and/or based on the sensing operation method performed by theUE or whether the sensing operation is performed. Through this, it ispossible to minimize resource collision while maximizing a power savinggain.

FIG. 15 shows a method for a first device to perform wirelesscommunication, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. Theembodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 15 , in step S1510, the first device may determine aselection window. In step S1520, the first device may select Y candidateslots within the selection window. In step S1530, the first device maydetermine at least one slot related to the Y candidate slots, based on aresource reservation period value configured for a resource pool. Instep S1540, the first device may select at least one sidelink (SL)resource from among SL resources included in the Y candidate slots,based on sensing for the at least one slot. In step S1550, the firstdevice may perform SL communication based on the at least one SLresource. For example, a value of Y may be a positive integer.

Additionally, for example, the first device may determine the value of Ybased on a priority of a medium access control protocol data unit (MACPDU) to be transmitted. For example, at least one candidate value of Ymay be configured for the first device for each priority.

Additionally, for example, the first device may determine the value of Ybased on a congestion level for the resource pool. For example, at leastone candidate value of Y may be configured for the first device for eachcongestion level.

For example, the Y candidate slots may be selected to be able to beinformed by a prior sidelink control information (SCI).

Additionally, for example, the first device may receive, from a seconddevice, a first sidelink control information (SCI) including informationrelated to a first priority and information related to a first resource,and the first device may receive, from a third device, a second SCIincluding information related to a second priority and informationrelated to a second resource. For example, the second device may be adevice for which power saving is required, and the third device may be adevice for which power saving is not required.

Additionally, for example, the first device may determine whether or notto reselect the first resource based on a first RSRP threshold, based onthe first resource being overlapped with the at least one SL resource,and the first device may determine whether or not to reselect the secondresource based on a second RSRP threshold, based on the second resourcebeing overlapped with the at least one SL resource. For example, thefirst RSRP threshold related to a device for which power saving isrequired may be different from the second RSRP threshold related to adevice for which power saving is not required.

Additionally, for example, the first device may determine whether or notto reselect the first resource based on the information related to thefirst priority and a first priority threshold, based on the firstresource being overlapped with the at least one SL resource, and thefirst device may determine whether or not to reselect the secondresource based on the information related to the second priority and asecond priority threshold, based on the second resource being overlappedwith the at least one SL resource. For example, the first prioritythreshold related to a device for which power saving is required may bedifferent from the second priority threshold related to a device forwhich power saving is not required.

Additionally, for example, the first device may determine whether or notto reselect the first resource based on information related to a thirdpriority, based on the first resource being overlapped with the at leastone SL resource. For example, the information related to the thirdpriority may be a value obtained by applying a priority offset value toa first priority threshold related to a device for which power saving isrequired. Additionally, for example, the first device may determinewhether or not to reselect the second resource based on the informationrelated to the second priority, based on the second resource beingoverlapped with the at least one SL resource.

For example, the first SCI includes information may represent a powersaving device.

For example, based on resource selection based on full sensing being notallowed for the resource pool, the first device may not be allowed toperform a re-evaluation operation or a pre-emption operation on theresource pool.

For example, random resource selection or resource selection based onpartial sensing may be allowed for the resource pool. For example, theat least one SL resource may be selected based on the partial sensing,based on a congestion level for the resource pool being higher than athreshold level. For example, the at least one SL resource may beselected based on the partial sensing, based on a remaining batteryamount of the first device greater than a threshold. Additionally, forexample, the first device may select one of the random resourceselection or the resource selection based on the partial sensing, basedon a priority of medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) tobe transmitted.

For example, the resource reservation period value may include a maximumresource reservation period value. For example, an interval between theat least one slot may not exceed the maximum resource reservation periodvalue.

For example, the at least one slot may be obtained by a followingequation.

at least one slot = n - a * k

Herein, n may be Y candidate slots, and k may be a bitmap forrepresenting the at least one slot, and a may be the resourcereservation period value.

The proposed method may be applied to the device(s) based on variousembodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor 102 of thefirst device 100 may determine a selection window. In addition, theprocessor 102 of the first device 100 may select Y candidate slotswithin the selection window. In addition, the processor 102 of the firstdevice 100 may determine at least one slot related to the Y candidateslots, based on a resource reservation period value configured for aresource pool. In addition, the processor 102 of the first device 100may select at least one sidelink (SL) resource from among SL resourcesincluded in the Y candidate slots, based on sensing for the at least oneslot. In addition, the processor 102 of the first device 100 may controlthe transceiver 106 to perform SL communication based on the at leastone SL resource. For example, a value of Y may be a positive integer.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device adaptedto perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, thefirst device may comprise: one or more memories storing instructions;one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connected to theone or more memories and the one or more transceivers. For example, theone or more processors may execute the instructions to: determine aselection window; select Y candidate slots within the selection window;determine at least one slot related to the Y candidate slots, based on aresource reservation period value configured for a resource pool; selectat least one sidelink (SL) resource from among SL resources included inthe Y candidate slots, based on sensing for the at least one slot; andperform SL communication based on the at least one SL resource. Forexample, a value of Y may be a positive integer.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus adaptedto control a first user equipment (UE) may be provided. For example, theapparatus may comprise: one or more processors; and one or more memoriesoperably connected to the one or more processors and storinginstructions. For example, the one or more processors may execute theinstructions to: determine a selection window; select Y candidate slotswithin the selection window; determine at least one slot related to theY candidate slots, based on a resource reservation period valueconfigured for a resource pool; select at least one sidelink (SL)resource from among SL resources included in the Y candidate slots,based on sensing for the at least one slot; and perform SL communicationbased on the at least one SL resource. For example, a value of Y may bea positive integer.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be provided.For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storinginstructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: determine aselection window; select Y candidate slots within the selection window;determine at least one slot related to the Y candidate slots, based on aresource reservation period value configured for a resource pool; selectat least one sidelink (SL) resource from among SL resources included inthe Y candidate slots, based on sensing for the at least one slot; andperform SL communication based on the at least one SL resource. Forexample, a value of Y may be a positive integer.

FIG. 16 shows a method for a first device to perform wirelesscommunication, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. Theembodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 16 , in step S1610, the first device may determineselectable candidate slots for sidelink (SL) transmission. In stepS1620, the first device may determine N slots for sensing from a firstslot among the selectable candidate slots. For example, the N slots maybe at least one slot for selecting at least one SL resource from amongSL resources included in the selectable candidate slots. In step S1630,the first device may select the at least one SL resource based on thesensing for the N slots. In step S1640, the first device may transmit,to a second device through a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), amedium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) based on the at leastone SL resource. For example, a value of N may be a positive integer.

For example, based on a change of a location of the first slot, alocation of the N slots for the sensing may be changed.

For example, the N slots for the sensing may be determined based on alocation of the first slot among the selectable candidate slotsregardless of a timing in which resource selection is triggered.

For example, the at least one SL resource may be selected from amongcandidate SL resources. For example, a number of candidate SL resourcesmay be greater than or equal to X percent of a total number of candidateresources, and a value of X may be configured differently based onwhether or not the first device is a device requiring power saving, andthe value of X may be a positive integer. For example, based on a numberof candidate SL resources being less than X percent of a total number ofcandidate resources, and the first device being a device requiring powersaving, reference signal received power (RSRP) threshold boosting tosecure the number of candidate SL resources greater than or equal to Xpercent of the total number of candidate resources may be not allowedfor the first device, and a value of X may be a positive integer.

Additionally, for example, the first device may transmit sidelinkcontrol information (SCI) through the PSSCH. For example, based onwhether or not the first device is a device requiring power saving, aparameter for mapping the SCI on resources related to the PSSCH may beconfigured differently. For example, based on a resource selectionmethod of the first device, a parameter for mapping the SCI on resourcesrelated to the PSSCH may be configured differently, and the resourceselection method may include random selection-based resource selection,partial sensing-based resource selection, or full sensing-based resourceselection.

Additionally, for example, the first device may transmit a demodulationreference signal (DMRS). For example, based on whether or not the firstdevice is a device requiring power saving, candidate patterns formapping the DMRS may be configured differently. For example, based on aresource selection method of the first device, candidate patterns formapping the DMRS may be configured differently, and the resourceselection method may include random selection-based resource selection,partial sensing-based resource selection, or full sensing-based resourceselection.

For example, based on whether or not the first device is a devicerequiring power saving, candidate modulation and coding scheme (MCS)tables may be configured differently.

For example, based on a resource selection method of the first device,candidate modulation and coding scheme (MCS) tables may be configureddifferently, and the resource selection method may include randomselection-based resource selection, partial sensing-based resourceselection, or full sensing-based resource selection.

For example, based on the first device performing partial sensing-basedresource selection, the first device may not be allowed to enable hybridautomatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback for the MAC PDU.

The proposed method may be applied to the device(s) based on variousembodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor 102 of thefirst device 100 may determine selectable candidate slots for sidelink(SL) transmission. In addition, the processor 102 of the first device100 may determine N slots for sensing from a first slot among theselectable candidate slots. For example, the N slots may be at least oneslot for selecting at least one SL resource from among SL resourcesincluded in the selectable candidate slots. In addition, the processor102 of the first device 100 may select the at least one SL resourcebased on the sensing for the N slots. In addition, the processor 102 ofthe first device 100 may control the transceiver 106 to transmit, to asecond device through a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), amedium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) based on the at leastone SL resource. For example, a value of N may be a positive integer.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device adaptedto perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, thefirst device may comprise: one or more memories storing instructions;one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connected to theone or more memories and the one or more transceivers. For example, theone or more processors may execute the instructions to: determineselectable candidate slots for sidelink (SL) transmission; determine Nslots for sensing from a first slot among the selectable candidateslots, wherein the N slots are at least one slot for selecting at leastone SL resource from among SL resources included in the selectablecandidate slots; select the at least one SL resource based on thesensing for the N slots; and transmit, to a second device through aphysical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a medium access controlprotocol data unit (MAC PDU) based on the at least one SL resource. Forexample, a value of N may be a positive integer.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus adaptedto control a first user equipment (UE) may be provided. For example, theapparatus may comprise: one or more processors; and one or more memoriesoperably connected to the one or more processors and storinginstructions. For example, the one or more processors may execute theinstructions to: determine selectable candidate slots for sidelink (SL)transmission; determine N slots for sensing from a first slot among theselectable candidate slots, wherein the N slots are at least one slotfor selecting at least one SL resource from among SL resources includedin the selectable candidate slots; select the at least one SL resourcebased on the sensing for the N slots; and transmit, to a second UEthrough a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a medium accesscontrol protocol data unit (MAC PDU) based on the at least one SLresource. For example, a value of N may be a positive integer.

Based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be provided.For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storinginstructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: determineselectable candidate slots for sidelink (SL) transmission; determine Nslots for sensing from a first slot among the selectable candidateslots, wherein the N slots are at least one slot for selecting at leastone SL resource from among SL resources included in the selectablecandidate slots; select the at least one SL resource based on thesensing for the N slots; and transmit, to a second device through aphysical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a medium access controlprotocol data unit (MAC PDU) based on the at least one SL resource. Forexample, a value of N may be a positive integer.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with eachother.

Hereinafter, device(s) to which various embodiments of the presentdisclosure can be applied will be described.

The various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods,and/or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure described inthis document may be applied to, without being limited to, a variety offields requiring wireless communication/connection (e.g., 5G) betweendevices.

Hereinafter, a description will be given in more detail with referenceto the drawings. In the following drawings/description, the samereference symbols may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks,software blocks, or functional blocks unless described otherwise.

FIG. 17 shows a communication system 1, based on an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 17 , a communication system 1 to which variousembodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes wirelessdevices, Base Stations (BSs), and a network. Herein, the wirelessdevices represent devices performing communication using Radio AccessTechnology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR)) or Long-Term Evolution (LTE))and may be referred to as communication/radio/5G devices. The wirelessdevices may include, without being limited to, a robot 100 a, vehicles100 b-1 and 100 b-2, an eXtended Reality (XR) device 100 c, a hand-helddevice 100 d, a home appliance 100 e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device100 f, and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device/server 400. Forexample, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wirelesscommunication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable ofperforming communication between vehicles. Herein, the vehicles mayinclude an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR devicemay include an Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality(MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device(HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, asmartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, adigital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device mayinclude a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatchor a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The homeappliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. TheIoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter. For example, the BSsand the network may be implemented as wireless devices and a specificwireless device 200 a may operate as a BS/network node with respect toother wireless devices.

Here, wireless communication technology implemented in wireless devices100 a to 100f of the present disclosure may include Narrowband Internetof Things for low-power communication in addition to LTE, NR, and 6G. Inthis case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of Low PowerWide Area Network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as standardssuch as LTE Cat NB1, and/or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the namedescribed above. Additionally or alternatively, the wirelesscommunication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100 a to100 f of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-Mtechnology. In this case, as an example, the LTE-M technology may be anexample of the LPWAN and may be called by various names includingenhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC), and the like. For example,the LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least any one of variousstandards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTEnon-Bandwidth Limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine TypeCommunication, and/or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the name describedabove. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communicationtechnology implemented in the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f of thepresent disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, Low Power WideArea Network (LPWAN), and ZigBee considering the low-powercommunication, and is not limited to the name described above. As anexample, the ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PAN)related to small/low-power digital communication based on variousstandards including IEEE 802.15.4, and the like, and may be called byvarious names.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the network 300via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices100 a to 100 f and the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connectedto the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may beconfigured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g.,NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f maycommunicate with each other through the BSs 200/network 300, thewireless devices 100 a to 100 f may perform direct communication (e.g.,sidelink communication) with each other without passing through theBSs/network. For example, the vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2 may performdirect communication (e.g. Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)/Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g.,a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g.,sensors) or other wireless devices 100 a to 100 f.

Wireless communication/connections 150 a, 150 b, or 150 c may beestablished between the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f/BS 200, or BS200/BS 200. Herein, the wireless communication/connections may beestablished through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlinkcommunication 150 a, sidelink communication 150 b (or, D2Dcommunication), or inter BS communication (e.g. relay, Integrated AccessBackhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices and the BSs/the wireless devicesmay transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other through thewireless communication/connections 150 a and 150 b. For example, thewireless communication/connections 150 a and 150 b may transmit/receivesignals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a partof various configuration information configuring processes, varioussignal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding,modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/demapping), and resourceallocating processes, for transmitting/receiving radio signals, may beperformed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 shows wireless devices, based on an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

Referring to FIG. 18 , a first wireless device 100 and a second wirelessdevice 200 may transmit radio signals through a variety of RATs (e.g.,LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device 100 and the secondwireless device 200} may correspond to {the wireless device 100x and theBS 200} and/or {the wireless device 100 x and the wireless device 100 x}of FIG. 17 .

The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 andone or more memories 104 and additionally further include one or moretransceivers 106 and/or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102may control the memory(s) 104 and/or the transceiver(s) 106 and may beconfigured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument. For example, the processor(s) 102 may process informationwithin the memory(s) 104 to generate first information/signals and thentransmit radio signals including the first information/signals throughthe transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102 may receive radio signalsincluding second information/signals through the transceiver 106 andthen store information obtained by processing the secondinformation/signals in the memory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104 may beconnected to the processor(s) 102 and may store a variety of informationrelated to operations of the processor(s) 102. For example, thememory(s) 104 may store software code including commands for performinga part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 102or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.Herein, the processor(s) 102 and the memory(s) 104 may be a part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE orNR). The transceiver(s) 106 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 andtransmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108.Each of the transceiver(s) 106 may include a transmitter and/or areceiver. The transceiver(s) 106 may be interchangeably used with RadioFrequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless devicemay represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202and one or more memories 204 and additionally further include one ormore transceivers 206 and/or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s)202 may control the memory(s) 204 and/or the transceiver(s) 206 and maybe configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument. For example, the processor(s) 202 may process informationwithin the memory(s) 204 to generate third information/signals and thentransmit radio signals including the third information/signals throughthe transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202 may receive radio signalsincluding fourth information/signals through the transceiver(s) 106 andthen store information obtained by processing the fourthinformation/signals in the memory(s) 204. The memory(s) 204 may beconnected to the processor(s) 202 and may store a variety of informationrelated to operations of the processor(s) 202. For example, thememory(s) 204 may store software code including commands for performinga part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 202or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.Herein, the processor(s) 202 and the memory(s) 204 may be a part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE orNR). The transceiver(s) 206 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 andtransmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208.Each of the transceiver(s) 206 may include a transmitter and/or areceiver. The transceiver(s) 206 may be interchangeably used with RFunit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent acommunication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 willbe described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may beimplemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implementone or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP,RRC, and SDAP). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate oneor more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Unit(SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, controlinformation, data, or information according to the descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202 maygenerate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs,messages, control information, data, or information according to thedescriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in this document and provide thegenerated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The oneor more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., basebandsignals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire thePDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or informationaccording to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to ascontrollers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware,firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or moreApplication Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more DigitalSignal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices(DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or moreField Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one ormore processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmwareor software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, orfunctions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed in this document may be included in the one or more processors102 and 202 or stored in the one or more memories 104 and 204 so as tobe driven by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or softwarein the form of code, commands, and/or a set of commands.

The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals,messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands.The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by Read-OnlyMemories (ROMs), Random Access Memories (RAMs), Electrically ErasableProgrammable Read-Only Memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives,registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/orcombinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may belocated at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected tothe one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies suchas wired or wireless connection.

The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, controlinformation, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the methodsand/or operational flowcharts of this document, to one or more otherdevices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data,control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in thedescriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in this document, from one or moreother devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 maybe connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit andreceive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one ormore other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may performcontrol so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receiveuser data, control information, or radio signals from one or more otherdevices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected tothe one or more antennas 108 and 208 and the one or more transceivers106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, controlinformation, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in thedescriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in this document, through the one ormore antennas 108 and 208. In this document, the one or more antennasmay be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logicalantennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 106 and 206may convert received radio signals/channels etc. from RF band signalsinto baseband signals in order to process received user data, controlinformation, radio signals/channels, etc. using the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 mayconvert the user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc.processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the baseband signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or moretransceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and/orfilters.

FIG. 19 shows a signal process circuit for a transmission signal, basedon an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 19 , a signal processing circuit 1000 may includescramblers 1010, modulators 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040,resource mappers 1050, and signal generators 1060. An operation/functionof FIG. 19 may be performed, without being limited to, the processors102 and 202 and/or the transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 18 . Hardwareelements of FIG. 19 may be implemented by the processors 102 and 202and/or the transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 18 . For example, blocks1010 to 1060 may be implemented by the processors 102 and 202 of FIG. 18. Alternatively, the blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented by theprocessors 102 and 202 of FIG. 18 and the block 1060 may be implementedby the transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 18 .

Codewords may be converted into radio signals via the signal processingcircuit 1000 of FIG. 19 . Herein, the codewords are encoded bitsequences of information blocks. The information blocks may includetransport blocks (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transportblock). The radio signals may be transmitted through various physicalchannels (e.g., a PUSCH and a PDSCH).

Specifically, the codewords may be converted into scrambled bitsequences by the scramblers 1010. Scramble sequences used for scramblingmay be generated based on an initialization value, and theinitialization value may include ID information of a wireless device.The scrambled bit sequences may be modulated to modulation symbolsequences by the modulators 1020. A modulation scheme may includepi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-Phase Shift Keying(m-PSK), and m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (m-QAM). Complexmodulation symbol sequences may be mapped to one or more transportlayers by the layer mapper 1030. Modulation symbols of each transportlayer may be mapped (precoded) to corresponding antenna port(s) by theprecoder 1040. Outputs z of the precoder 1040 may be obtained bymultiplying outputs y of the layer mapper 1030 by an N*M precodingmatrix W. Herein, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the numberof transport layers. The precoder 1040 may perform precoding afterperforming transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulationsymbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 may perform precoding withoutperforming transform precoding.

The resource mappers 1050 may map modulation symbols of each antennaport to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources mayinclude a plurality of symbols (e.g., a CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMAsymbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in thefrequency domain. The signal generators 1060 may generate radio signalsfrom the mapped modulation symbols and the generated radio signals maybe transmitted to other devices through each antenna. For this purpose,the signal generators 1060 may include Inverse Fast Fourier Transform(IFFT) modules, Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserters, Digital-to-AnalogConverters (DACs), and frequency up-converters.

Signal processing procedures for a signal received in the wirelessdevice may be configured in a reverse manner of the signal processingprocedures 1010 to 1060 of FIG. 19 . For example, the wireless devices(e.g., 100 and 200 of FIG. 18 ) may receive radio signals from theexterior through the antenna ports/transceivers. The received radiosignals may be converted into baseband signals through signal restorers.To this end, the signal restorers may include frequency downlinkconverters, Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), CP remover, and FastFourier Transform (FFT) modules. Next, the baseband signals may berestored to codewords through a resource demapping procedure, apostcoding procedure, a demodulation processor, and a descramblingprocedure. The codewords may be restored to original information blocksthrough decoding. Therefore, a signal processing circuit (notillustrated) for a reception signal may include signal restorers,resource demappers, a postcoder, demodulators, descramblers, anddecoders.

FIG. 20 shows another example of a wireless device, based on anembodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may beimplemented in various forms according to a use-case/service (refer toFIG. 17 ).

Referring to FIG. 20 , wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond tothe wireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 18 and may be configured byvarious elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules. Forexample, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include acommunication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, andadditional components 140. The communication unit may include acommunication circuit 112 and transceiver(s) 114. For example, thecommunication circuit 112 may include the one or more processors 102 and202 and/or the one or more memories 104 and 204 of FIG. 18 . Forexample, the transceiver(s) 114 may include the one or more transceivers106 and 206 and/or the one or more antennas 108 and 208 of FIG. 18 . Thecontrol unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit110, the memory 130, and the additional components 140 and controlsoverall operation of the wireless devices. For example, the control unit120 may control an electric/mechanical operation of the wireless devicebased on programs/code/commands/information stored in the memory unit130. The control unit 120 may transmit the information stored in thememory unit 130 to the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) viathe communication unit 110 through a wireless/wired interface or store,in the memory unit 130, information received through the wireless/wiredinterface from the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via thecommunication unit 110.

The additional components 140 may be variously configured according totypes of wireless devices. For example, the additional components 140may include at least one of a power unit/battery, input/output (I/O)unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may beimplemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot (100 aof FIG. 17 ), the vehicles (100 b-1 and 100 b-2 of FIG. 17 ), the XRdevice (100 c of FIG. 17 ), the hand-held device (100 d of FIG. 17 ),the home appliance (100 e of FIG. 17 ), the IoT device (100 f of FIG. 17), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safetydevice, an MTC device, a medicine device, a fintech device (or a financedevice), a security device, a climate/environment device, the AIserver/device (400 of FIG. 17 ), the BSs (200 of FIG. 17 ), a networknode, etc. The wireless device may be used in a mobile or fixed placeaccording to a use-example/service.

In FIG. 20 , the entirety of the various elements, components,units/portions, and/or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 maybe connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a partthereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110.For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the controlunit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected by wire and thecontrol unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelesslyconnected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component,unit/portion, and/or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 mayfurther include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, thecontrol unit 120 may be configured by a set of a communication controlprocessor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), agraphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. As anotherexample, the memory 130 may be configured by a Random Access Memory(RAM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM)), a flash memory,a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Hereinafter, an example of implementing FIG. 20 will be described indetail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 21 shows a hand-held device, based on an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, awearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), or a portablecomputer (e.g., a notebook). The hand-held device may be referred to asa mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station(MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or aWireless Terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 21 , a hand-held device 100 may include an antennaunit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit130, a power supply unit 140 a, an interface unit 140 b, and an I/O unit140 c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of thecommunication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 c correspond tothe blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 20 , respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., dataand control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. Thecontrol unit 120 may perform various operations by controllingconstituent elements of the hand-held device 100. The control unit 120may include an Application Processor (AP). The memory unit 130 may storedata/parameters/programs/code/commands needed to drive the hand-helddevice 100. The memory unit 130 may store input/output data/information.The power supply unit 140 a may supply power to the hand-held device 100and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. Theinterface unit 140 b may support connection of the hand-held device 100to other external devices. The interface unit 140 b may include variousports (e.g., an audio I/O port and a video I/O port) for connection withexternal devices. The I/O unit 140 c may input or output videoinformation/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or informationinput by a user. The I/O unit 140 c may include a camera, a microphone,a user input unit, a display unit 140 d, a speaker, and/or a hapticmodule.

As an example, in the case of data communication, the I/O unit 140 c mayacquire information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, images, or video)input by a user and the acquired information/signals may be stored inthe memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 may convert theinformation/signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmitthe converted radio signals to other wireless devices directly or to aBS. The communication unit 110 may receive radio signals from otherwireless devices or the BS and then restore the received radio signalsinto original information/signals. The restored information/signals maybe stored in the memory unit 130 and may be output as various types(e.g., text, voice, images, video, or haptic) through the I/O unit 140c.

FIG. 22 shows a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle, based on an embodimentof the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may beimplemented by a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmanned AerialVehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

Referring to FIG. 22 , a vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may includean antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, adriving unit 140 a, a power supply unit 140 b, a sensor unit 140 c, andan autonomous driving unit 140 d. The antenna unit 108 may be configuredas a part of the communication unit 110. The blocks 110/130/140 a to 140d correspond to the blocks 110/130/140 of FIG. 20 , respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., dataand control signals) to and from external devices such as othervehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and road side units), and servers. The controlunit 120 may perform various operations by controlling elements of thevehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100. The control unit 120 may includean Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit 140 a may cause thevehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100 to drive on a road. The drivingunit 140 a may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, a wheel, abrake, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140 b may supplypower to the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100 and include awired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140 cmay acquire a vehicle state, ambient environment information, userinformation, etc. The sensor unit 140 c may include an InertialMeasurement Unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, aspeed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, aposition module, a vehicle forward/backward sensor, a battery sensor, afuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, ahumidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor, a pedalposition sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140 d may implementtechnology for maintaining a lane on which a vehicle is driving,technology for automatically adjusting speed, such as adaptive cruisecontrol, technology for autonomously driving along a determined path,technology for driving by automatically setting a path if a destinationis set, and the like.

For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, trafficinformation data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous drivingunit 140 d may generate an autonomous driving path and a driving planfrom the obtained data. The control unit 120 may control the drivingunit 140 a such that the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100 may movealong the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g.,speed/direction control). In the middle of autonomous driving, thecommunication unit 110 may aperiodically/periodically acquire recenttraffic information data from the external server and acquiresurrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. In themiddle of autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140 c may obtain a vehiclestate and/or surrounding environment information. The autonomous drivingunit 140 d may update the autonomous driving path and the driving planbased on the newly obtained data/information. The communication unit 110may transfer information about a vehicle position, the autonomousdriving path, and/or the driving plan to the external server. Theexternal server may predict traffic information data using AItechnology, etc., based on the information collected from vehicles orautonomous vehicles and provide the predicted traffic information datato the vehicles or the autonomous vehicles.

Claims in the present description can be combined in a various way. Forinstance, technical features in method claims of the present descriptioncan be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, andtechnical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implementedor performed in a method. Further, technical features in methodclaim(s)and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed inan apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) andapparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in amethod.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for performing wireless communication bya first device, the method comprising: triggering resource selection ina slot; determining, based on the triggering, a time interval from theslot based on a remaining packet delay budget (PDB); selecting Ycandidate slots within the time interval; performing partial sensing forN slots before a first slot of the Y candidate slots; and selecting atleast one resource for sidelink (SL) transmission, wherein the Y is apositive integer, and wherein the N is a positive integer.
 2. The methodof claim 1, wherein the N slots are located from the slot and before thefirst slot of the Y candidate slots.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereinthe first slot of the Y candidate slots is a first occurring slot of theY candidate slots.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:transmitting, to a second device through a physical sidelink sharedchannel (PSSCH), a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU)based on the at least one resource.
 5. The method of claim 1, whereinthe value of N is configured for the first device.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the value of Y is configured for the first device. 7.The method of claim 1, wherein a minimum number of the candidate slotsis configured for each resource pool.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein,based on a change of a location of the first slot, a location of the Nslots for the partial sensing is changed.
 9. The method of claim 1,wherein the N slots for the partial sensing are determined based on alocation of the first slot of the Y candidate slots regardless of atiming of the slot in which the resource selection is triggered.
 10. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the at least one resource is selected fromamong candidate SL resources within the Y candidate slots.
 11. A firstdevice adapted to perform wireless communication, the first devicecomprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and atleast one memory connected to the at least one processor and storinginstructions that, based on being executed by the at least oneprocessor, perform operations comprising: triggering resource selectionin a slot; determining, based on the triggering, a time interval fromthe slot based on a remaining packet delay budget (PDB); selecting Ycandidate slots within the time interval; performing partial sensing forN slots before a first slot of the Y candidate slots; and selecting atleast one resource for sidelink (SL) transmission, wherein the Y is apositive integer, and wherein the N is a positive integer.
 12. The firstdevice of claim 11, wherein the N slots are located from the slot andbefore the first slot of the Y candidate slots.
 13. The first device ofclaim 11, wherein the first slot of the Y candidate slots is a firstoccurring slot of the Y candidate slots.
 14. The first device of claim11, wherein, based on a change of a location of the first slot, alocation of the N slots for the partial sensing is changed.
 15. Thefirst device of claim 11, wherein the N slots for the partial sensingare determined based on a location of the first slot of the Y candidateslots regardless of a timing of the slot in which the resource selectionis triggered.
 16. A processing device adapted to control a first device,the processing device comprising: at least one processor; and at leastone memory connected to the at least one processor and storinginstructions that, based on being executed by the at least oneprocessor, perform operations comprising: triggering resource selectionin a slot; determining, based on the triggering, a time interval fromthe slot based on a remaining packet delay budget (PDB); selecting Ycandidate slots within the time interval; performing partial sensing forN slots before a first slot of the Y candidate slots; and selecting atleast one resource for sidelink (SL) transmission, wherein the Y is apositive integer, and wherein the N is a positive integer.
 17. Theprocessing device of claim 16, wherein the N slots are located from theslot and before the first slot of the Y candidate slots.
 18. Theprocessing device of claim 16, wherein the first slot of the Y candidateslots is a first occurring slot of the Y candidate slots.
 19. Theprocessing device of claim 16, wherein, based on a change of a locationof the first slot, a location of the N slots for the partial sensing ischanged.
 20. The processing device of claim 16, wherein the N slots forthe partial sensing are determined based on a location of the first slotof the Y candidate slots regardless of a timing of the slot in which theresource selection is triggered.